Objective To screen for the effective attractants for cockroaches, and to investigate the feasibility of attractants combined with spraying insecticides in improving the effectiveness of cockroach prevention and control. Methods The small container trapping method was used to determine the attractability of citral, terpinen-4-ol, and HT-1 phenol to Blattella germanica; the topical application method was used to determine the synergistic activity of citral, terpinen-4-ol, and HT-1 phenol on ethofenprox against B. germanica; a simulation laboratory was used to investigate the effect of the attractants combined with ethofenprox in attracting and killing B. germanica. The Duncan test is used to analyze the differences in the attractability of different compounds to German cockroaches. Results Citral, terpinen-4-ol, and HT-1 phenol had marked attractability to B. germanica, with a relative attraction rate increased by 16.73%, 12.33%, and 31.01%, respectively, at a concentration of 1.0%, while repellency was observed at a concentration of 5.0%. The synergistic rate of 2.5% citral, terpinen-4-ol, and HT-1 phenol to ethofenprox against B. germanica were 73.81%, 47.12%, and 40.90%, respectively. In the simulation laboratory, citral, terpinen-4-ol, and HT-1 phenol combined with ethofenprox increased the contact between the tested cockroaches and insecticide-impregnated paper, with a relative attraction rate increased by 22.22%, 7.26%, and 30.29%, respectively, and such combination also improved killing effect, with a synergistic rate of 72.51%, 67.01%, and 39.93%, respectively. Conclusion Botanical attractants act as a synergist by inducing pests to contact with insecticides and can reduce the use of chemical insecticides while improving killing effect, which provides a new technical approach for the prevention and control of pests.

Insect chemical ecology is an important part of chemical ecology, it is not only significant in terms of theoretical research, but also play an important role in agricultural and forestry pest management. Public health pests, which closely related to human health have developed some special chemical ecological patterns that is different from phytophagous insects, they are adaptive to the complex environment in some ways such as morphology, behavior, metabolism, and reproduction. Pheromone, functional botanical compounds, and some environmental factors as signals are indispensable for the oviposition or feeding of insects. This paper presents a review about the application of insect chemical ecology on the prevention and control of mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches. Some viewpoints and countermeasures are put forwarded too.

Objective To investigate the effect of anisaldehyde on the olfactory behavior of Aedes albopictus. Methods Olfactory behaviors and host-seeking abilities of Ae. albopictus were tested with an olfactometer, and the inhibitory effects on their host-seeking abilities after delivery of anisaldehyde at a dose of 0.013-0.250 μg/cm³ for 24-96 h were observed. Results Anisaldehyde at 3.1%-99.0% effectively attracted Ae. albopictus when administered alone, though inhibited their host-seeking abilities (by 85.4%) at a high dose (99.0%) under exposure to the host odor. The host-seeking abilities of Ae. albopictus were noticeably reduced after administration of anisaldehyde at 0.050-0.250 μg/cm³ for 24-96 h, the inhibition rate being positively correlated with time and dosage. Conclusion Anisaldhyde was effective in attracting

Objective To investigate the seasonal fluctuation and spatial distribution of cockroaches and rodents on naval vessels to inform vector control programs in those settings. Methods Glue traps and boards were used to collect cockroaches and rodents at three monitoring regions of north, east and south oceans to identify the spatial distribution. Density was measured every other month. Results Cockroaches were present on naval vessels throughout the year. Activity started to rise in March and peaked in July, followed a slow decline until November in all monitored regions, while the seasonal fluctuation was not significant in the ocean area 2. Rattus norvegicus rats were the most common rodents while Mus musculus were observed occasionally. The fluctuation of rodents was not significant. Kitchens, dining halls, food warehouses and living cabins were severely infested by cockroaches with a mean infestation rate of 90.0%, 75.5%, 72.5%, and 61.5%, respectively. Rodents were mostly captured at the dinning areas with a mean positive rate of 75.2%, followed by living areas (50.3%), and the lowest prevalence was found in working areas (44.5%). Conclusion This study provides vital information for timely and organized vector control in vessels of different ocean regions.

Objective To measure the risk of vectors may pose on naval vessels and provide evidence for the development of risk management strategies. Methods A risk assessment system and relevant indicators were established to measure the risk of vectors on naval vessels. Results Twenty-four factors were found to play a role in the transmission of vector-borne diseases, including biological, geographical and administrative factors. Qualitative analysis showed different degrees of risks associated with all the vectors in this environment, particularly parasitic fleas and mites on rodents. Conclusion Risks can be reduced by improving risk management and control regulations and standards, establishing a technical support platform, and improving comprehensive control Methods.

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effectiveness of different slow-releasing linalool formulation against Blattella germanica. Methods Three kinds of slow-releasing linalool formulation were finished by cavity displacement method, polymer pickling process and β?cyclodextrininclusion （CD） inclusion process. The efficacy of three formulations to B.germanica was evaluated with a small container and a quadr-cage olfactometer system. Results The linalool deploied with aethylenum-Vac granule and activated alumina granule had obvious repellency to B.germanica, and 97.7% repellency of the former was more effective than the latter. But there was not significant difference between the β-CD inclusion group and the control（t＝0.303, P＞0.05. Conclusion Cavity displacement method and polymer pickling process could be used for the preparation of linalool formulation, which could provide new control measures to spacial repellent for insect, environmental contamination and insect resistance.

Objective To discuss the testing method for the qualitative indice of a fuse-induced smoke generator and its field trial efficacy.Methods To evaluate the smoke generator according to its smoking temperature,burning temperature,water absorbing rate,stability,security and the field trial efficacy.Results The smoke qualitative indices are as following: 138 ℃ in smoking temperature,((210±30)℃ in burning temperature,0.12% in water absorbing rate exposed for 48 h.The density decreasing of B.germanica in field trial by using the smoke was(96.79%).Conclusion The testing method is simple and practical,and with the characters as easy ignitability,safety to deposit and transport,the smoke generator is good to generalize.

Objective To reveal the population structure of cockroaches and control them.Methods Pesticide and adhesive tape were used to investigate the species of cockroaches and detained spray method to control them.Results Six species of three genera were found in this survey,82.22% of which were Blattela germanica,the following was Blattidae americana and Blattidae faliginosa in turn;A mixed pesticde preparation against mosquito,fly and cockroach was tested,KT ₅₀ were 9.87,3.28 and 1.24 minutes respectively,100% of the tested insects died after 48 hours;the rates of died of the cockroach were 88.79% and 97.80% after two and four weeks respectively when the preparation was used in 17 ships.Conclusion The main species was Blattela germanica on the ships and the mixed pesticide can be used to control the cockroaches.

Objective The cross resistance of permethrin-resistant strain of Blattella germanica to deltamethrin,cypermethrin and propoxur was studied.Methods The method of contacting with chemical cover in jar was used in this study.Results The cross-resistant ratioes of permethrin-resistant strain with the above three kinds of insecticides were 2.40- 4.14,1.83- 4.78 and 1.16- 1.69 respectively,whose resistant ratio was 5.89- 8.02 and the death ratio was 85%-100% percent.The 4th generation of resistant strain had cross-resistance to pyrethroid,while the 6th had stronger.But the resistant-strain had no resistance to propoxur.Conclusion One kind of insecticide being keeped using is easy to make resistance and cross resistance.

Objective In order to investigate the functions of IGRs to growth and reproduction of Bllattella germanica,the sterilization of chitin synthesis inhibitors against Bllattella germanica was studied too.Methods Contacting and bait methods were used and the pathology changing of CA,fat body and reproductive system were observed under stereomicroscope and microscope.Contents of the protein in ovary,DNA and RNA in ovary and spermary were determined.Results Chitin synthesis inhibitors have some juvenile hormone effect.The two are unite efforts in Bllattella germanica.Fat body is one of the target to IGRs,the contents of DNA and RNA in spermary,RNA and protein in ovary increased all but the content of DNA in ovary decreased.Conclusion The sterilization of the Chitin synthesis inhibitors in male Bllattella germanica may be related to the chitin blocking but not to the hindering of RNA and DNA,the sterilization in female Bllattella germanica may be related to the decreasing of DNA in ovary.

Objective:To study the protein composition in haemolymph and ovary of the German cockroach.Methods:Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE).Results:(1)The compositions of female-specific haemolymph protein were S 14,Rc 15,Rp 15 and Rz 15 belts respectively.S and R strains had two identical primary belts,whose ratios of movement were 0.18,0.29 respectively.R strain was one belt more than S strain,which ratio was 0.14.(2)Those of male-specific haemolymph protein were S 9,Rc 10,Rp 10 and Rz 10 belts respectively.They had one identical primary belt,whose ratio of movement was 0.32.R strain was also one belt more than S strain,which ratio was 0.6.(3)The compositions of egg proteins all were 13 belts.The belts of R strains were lighter on colour and narrower on width than those of S strain whose ratios of movement were the same.They had one identical primary belt,whose ratio of movement was 0.27.Conclusion:The increasing belts of haemolymph protein were related to resistance probably.The belts of egg protein whose quantity were reduced caused that the ratios of the reproduction and the incubation were cut down probably.

Objective:To investigate the resistance of Bllattella germanica resistance strain to chlorfluazuron and flufenoxuron,to study the relation between the resistance and the changing of MFO.Methods:Force contacting method and O-demethylation method were used.Results:Low resistance was showed in the study of chlorfluazuron and flufenoxuron against Bllattella germanica resistance strain,chlorfluazuron and flufenoxuron could not activate the vitality of MFO.Conclusion:MFO might be not the main oxydase that could cause the resistance to the three IGRs,extensive using of IGRs should be careful before we had enough datas.

Objective:To study on the toxic effect and palatablity of the Insect Growth Regulation baits against Blattella germanica in the laboratory.Methods:Accarding to the particularity of the Insect Growth Regulationes,to observe the no-choice toxic test,the influence to the colony of simulated group and the palatablity test.Results:The baits have the better palatablity to Blattella germanica.It shewed the more quickly toxicity in higher concentration and the better sterilization in lower concentration.It was taken about five weeks that the simulated colony had been completely dissolved.ConclutionsWith the upsides of the biotic harness and chemical harness,economic and convenient to use,the Insect Growth Regulation bait is available in future.

ObjectiveTo observe the effectiveness of Chlorfluazuron Flufenoxuron and Pyriproxyfen Against Bllattella germanica.MethodsContacting and bait methods were used.ResultsThe activity of Chlorfluazuron and Flufenoxuron were high,the activity were influenced by instars,the highest sensitivity is first instar and second instar,and the lowest is third instar and fourth instar,both Chlorfluazuron and Flufenoxuron had sterile effectiveness against Bllattella germanica,Pyriproxyfen was the best sterilization,Flufenoxuron and Pyriproxyfen were unite efforts in Bllattella germanica controling.ConlusionsChlorfluazuron,Flufenoxuron and Pyriproxyfen are effective to solve the problem of Bllattella germanica.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of some IGRs against Blattella germanica and Periplaneta faliginosa.Methods:Contacting and bait methods were used.Results:Chitin sysnthesis inhibitors and moulting hormone are not only a oral toxicity but also have contact activity,some contact activity are higher than their oral toxicity,hexafluron RH-5992 and chlorfluazuroni is more effective against Periplaneta faliginosa.Conclusions:Hexafluron RH-5992 and chlorfluazuroni can be introduced to control Periplaneta faliginosa.

Objective:To study the susceptibility or resistance ofGerman cockroach,including three field-collected strains in naval vessels fromDalian(Rp),Shanghai(Rc)and Zhanjiang(Rz)to cypermethrin,deltamethrin and propoxur.Methods:The method of contact with chemical cover was used in this study.Result:The average resistance ratioes offield-collected strains to cypermethrin were1.84,1.75,1.92 respectively;those of field-collected strains to deltamethrin were 2.44,2.82,1.15 respectively;those of field-collected strains to propoxur were0.89,1.27,1.36 respectively.Conclusion:Three strains of German cockroach have already developed varied low resistance to the three kinds of insecticides.