Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhus fever in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, China in recent ten years, so as to provide a basis for scientific control of typhus fever.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to systematically analyze the characteristics of the surveillance data on cases of typhus fever in Jinzhai County from 2013 to 2022 collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Qualitative data were described as rates or constituent ratios, and analyzed using the Chi-squared test.Results From 2013 to 2022, 426 cases of typhus fever were reported in Jinzhai County, with a mean annual incidence of 8.23/100 000, and no deaths were reported. The incidence peak occurred between April and September (spring and summer), during which the number of cases accounted for 85.68% (365/426) of the total number of cases reported. The incidence of typhus fever was significantly higher among women than among men (χ²=30.878, P<0.001), and the male-to-female ratio was about 0.62:1. The incidence of typhus fever was highest in the age group of 60-<70 years (256.67/100 000). A vast majority of cases were farmers among occupations (93.90%). Cases were reported in 22 of 23 townships.Conclusions Cases of typhus fever were widely reported across Jinzhai County, predominantly affecting farmers and middle-aged and elderly people, with significant sex difference and seasonality. Therefore, typhus fever surveillance, prevention, and control should be strengthened for high-incidence areas and high-risk populations.

Key words: Typhus fever, Epidemiological characteristics, Jinzhai County

摘要： 目的 通过分析安徽省金寨县近10年斑疹伤寒流行特征,为科学防控斑疹伤寒提供依据。方法 病例资料来自中国疾病预防控制信息系统,采用描述流行病学方法对2013－2022年金寨县斑疹伤寒病例报告数据特征进行系统分析。定性资料用率或构成比表述,采用χ²检验对其指标进行统计学分析。结果 2013－2022年,金寨县斑疹伤寒报告病例426例,年均发病率8.23/10万,无死亡病例报告；4－9月（春夏季）为发病高峰,发病数占报告病例总数的85.68%（365/426）；女性发病率高于男性,男女性别比为0.62∶1,不同性别发病差异有统计学意义（χ²=30.878,P<0.001）；60～<70岁年龄组发病率最高（256.67/10万）；职业分布以农民为主（93.90%）；23个乡镇中22个有病例报告。结论 斑疹伤寒病例在金寨县分布广泛,以农民发病为主,中老年人群高发,发病具有明显的性别差异和季节性。需加强重点地区、高危人群的疾病监测和防控工作。

关键词: 斑疹伤寒, 流行病学特征, 金寨县