20 April 2018, Volume 29 Issue 2
    

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  • Reports on national surveillance of cockroaches in China, 2006-2015
    WU Hai-xia, LU Liang, MENG Feng-xia, GUO Yu-hong, LIU Xiao-bo, LI Gui-chang, REN Dong-sheng, YUE Yu-juan, LIU Qi-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 113-119. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.001
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    Objective To understand species, population density and seasonal fluctuations of cockroaches in human habitats and surroundings in China and provide the avenue for prevention and control of cockroaches. Methods The surveillance data of cockroaches by sticky paper traps from 45 national surveillance sites were collected between 2006 and 2015. The species composition, density and seasonal and annual fluctuations of different species of cockroaches in different habitats, province were compared. Results Percentage of Blattella germanica was 95.64%, its density was 0.86 cockroaches per paper and was the highest in all 5 monitored habitats; Periplaneta americana was the second. The densities and infestation rates of cockroaches in catering and on farm produce markets were similar and were the highest. The density was 1.53 and 1.46 cockroaches per paper in catering and on farm produce markets, respectively and the infestation rate was 19.41% and 18.89%, respectively. The density and the infestation rate in hospital were all the lowest. Blattella germanica has the same rankings in different habitats as the total density of cockroaches, but P. americana was different and the highest in density on farm produce markets. Overall, density and the infestation rate were all decreasing since 2006, but then increasing since 2014 and 2013, respectively. Blattella germanica, P. americana and total cockroaches had same annual fluctuation of density. Density in most of provinces was lower than 1.50 cockroaches per paper. Sichuan province was 3.19 and was the highest. Infestation rate in most of provinces was lower than 20%. Shanxi and Hainan province were the highest and higher than 30%. There was a single peak in September and in October, respectively, during the seasonal fluctuation of density and infestation rate of total cockroaches. The seasonal fluctuations of B. germanica and total cockroach was similar, but P. americana was different, and there was a single peak from June to September. The seasonal fluctuation of density and infestation rate of total cockroaches in different habitats were generally single peaked. There was another peak of infestation rate in February on farm produce markets, hotel and hospital. Conclusion Blattella germanica was the only predominant cockroach species in human habitats and surroundings in China. The density of cockroaches generally decreased since 2006. However, it increased since 2014. Therefore surveillance can't be overlooked. More attentions should be paid on cockroach control in catering and on farm produce markets, for density in those habitats was higher than in other habitats. As a whole the density and infestation rate peaked in August, September and October. It is necessary to control cockroaches before the peak appears.
  • Detection of the I1532 and F1534 kdr mutations and a novel mutant allele I1532T in VGSC gene in the field populations of Aedes albopictus from China
    CHEN Han-ming, GAO Jing-peng, JIANG Jin-yong, PENG Heng, MA Ya-jun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 120-125. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.002
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    Objective To detect the kdr gene mutations in the field populations of Aedes albopictus from China and preliminarily clarify its adaptive evolution. Methods The mosquito larvae and pupae were dip-samples from breeding sites from Yangpu district in Shanghai, Nanjing city in Jiangsu province, Hangzhou city in Zhejiang province, and Jinghong city in Yunnan province, in China, and brought back to insectary to rise till adults. The mosquito adults were also collected directly in the fields using BG-trap or sucking tube. The single individual genomic DNA of Ae. albopictus was extracted after species identification. The VGSC gene fragments were amplified by PCR, which were sequenced and analyzed for detection of the kdr mutations. The genotypic linkage disequilibrium and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(HWE) was tested by GENPOP software. Results A total of 299 individuals collected from four field populations of Ae. albopictus were analyzed. There were two positions showed mutations including codon 1532 and 1534 of kdr gene. Two alleles at codon 1532 were wildtype ATC/I and mutant ACC/T, with frequencies 91.30% and 8.70%, respectively. Five alleles at codon 1534 were wildtype TTC/F, mutant allele TCC/S, TCG/S, TTG/L, and TGC/C, with frequencies of 45.99%, 52.01%, 0.33%, 1.00%, and 0.67%, respectively. There were 27 individuals(9.03%) with both mutations in 1532 and 1534 at the same time. The test results showed that the population conformed to HWE(P > 0.001), and the two loci were genetic linkage (P < 0.01). Conclusion This study first reported the novel mutant allele I1532T, and found a mutant allele TCG/S at the codon 1534 of Ae. albopictus in China. More important is a new challenge that an individual harbors two codons of simultaneous mutations. The results suggested that they should be resistant to pyrethroid insecticides. The multiple site mutations may be resulted from the selection pressure of insecticides.
  • Study on the effect of diflubenzuron on pyrethroid-resistant dengue vector Aedes mosquitoes
    KAI Wen-long, SHI Can-nan, ZHAO Chun-chun, LIU Qi-yong, SONG Xiu-ping, REN Dong-sheng, LI Hong-bin, FAN Jian-hua, ZHOU Hong-ning, MENG Feng-xia
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 126-129. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.003
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    Objective To determine the effect of diflubenzuron on dengue vector Aedes mosquitoes and provide evidence for mosquito resistance management and vector control. Methods WHO recommended method for insect growth regulators was utilized; the resistant Aedes strains were collected from Jinghong city the dengue fever epidemic area, the data were analyzed with SPSS 24.0 to create a log-probit model to determine the IE50 of the susceptible strains and resistant strains, calculate the resistance ratio, observe the the stage-and concentration-dependent mortality, and analyze the characteristics of diflubenzuron against Aedes mosquitoes. Results The IE50s of the resistant strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were 0.002 53(95%CI:0.002 16-0.002 89) μg/ml and 0.002 33(95%CI:0.001 98-0.003 12) μg/ml, the resistant ratios were 1.77-and 1.71-fold, indicating that no cross resistance between diflubenzuron and pyrethroid. The mortality peak of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti was 4-6 d post-exposure, indicating that the effect of diflubenzuron was slow as compared with commonly used conventional insecticides. Under the different concentrations, the effect was different. The low concentration mainly resulted mortality at adult stage, whilethe high concentration mostly impacted on pupal and/or larval stages. Conclusion The resistant strains of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti were susceptible to diflubenzuron. The recommended dose was 0.006 μg/ml,but the lethal effect of diflubenzuron was slow. It can be used as a selective insecticide for resistance management and vector control.
  • Isolation of microsatellite markers in Aedes aegypti population from southwest Yunnan
    LIU Peng-bo, SUN Wan-wan, WANG Jun, LIU Qi-yong, SONG Xiu-ping, GUO Yu-hong, LU Liang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 130-133. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.004
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    Objective To obtain useful microsatellite loci of Aedes aegypti from the southwest areas of Yunnan province. Methods The Ae. aegypti genome was downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI). The repeats with a period size of 2-4 bp and a copy number less than 30 were chosen using Tandem Repeats Finder software. Primers were designed with those microsatellites of unique flanking, and BLAST was utilized for these primer sequences to confirm amplicons also single copy. Results A total of 80 microsatellite loci were obtained from 17 whole genomes and 11 pairs of primer were designed successfully with 98 alleles. There are 9 alleles per pair of primers on average. The average value of observation heterozygosity is(0.394±0.026). Conclusion The acquired primers can amplify bands stably and these amplicons are polymorphic, being fit for the research of population genetics of Ae. aegypti.
  • Comparative analysis on expression levels of the ferritin gene in Culex pipiens pallens
    LU Jing, SHI Qi-qi, CHENG Peng, GONG Mao-qing, CUI Wen, TAN Wen-bin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 134-137. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.005
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    Objective To analyze the ferritin gene expression levels in different strains of Culex pipiens pallens. Methods The primers were designed and synthesized, target gene was amplified by fluorescent quantitative PCR to detect the expression level between resistant strain and susceptible strains of Cx. pipiens pallens. A t test method was used to detect the statistical significance for the two samples. Results The ferritin gene of Cx. pipiens pallens was cloned successfully. The quantitative average of ferritin fluorescence was 11.41 in susceptible strain and 15.73 in resistant strain; the quantitative average of reference gene fluorescence was 10.03 in susceptible strain, and 18.27 in resistant strain. Fluorescent quantitative PCR proved the ferritin gene expression level of resistant strain was 15.08 times that of susceptible strain, t test showed that two samples of ferritin gene expression differences were statistically significant(t=26.100, P < 0.001). Conclusion Culex pipiens pallens ferritin gene can be used as a new gene target for resistant detection and management.
  • Investigation on Wolbachia infection of mosquitoes in Jiangsu ports
    LIU Qian-qian, WU Bing-yao, HE Jiang, HU Shuang-shuang, YANG Qing-gui, SUN Li-xin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 138-142. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.006
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    Objective To investigate the infection status of Wolbachia and its phylogenetic relationships among common mosquitoes at Jiangsu ports, and to lay the foundation for mosquito control strategy based on Wolbachia. Methods During June to September in 2015, the light trap and carbon dioxide trap were used in 10 areas of Jiangsu ports(Suzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi, Nanjing, Nantong, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Lianyungang, Xuzhou, and Huaian), and DNA was extracted from the trapped mosquitoes, then Wolbachia wsp gene was amplified by PCR. All wsp genes were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis followed. Results We analyzed 5 species of common mosquitoes in Jiangsu ports, the total infection rate of Wolbachia was 26.80%, and the Culex pipiens complex infection rate(47.81%) was the highest, followed by Armigeres subalbatus(46.24%), Aedes albopictus(34.06%), and Cx. tritaeniorbynchus(1.25%). Anopheles sinensis were not infected. The mosquito Wolbachia wsp gene shared 10 haplotypes, and genetic distances between these haplotypes were 0.002-0.263, Hap-1 Hap-7, Hap-8, Hap-9, and Hap-10 were unique for the same mosquito species, while Hap-2, Hap-4, and Hap-5 in Jiangsu port mosquitoes appeared at high frequency, being shared in the 2-3 species. Among them, Hap-1 and Hap-2 belong to A group, while the rest belong to B group. Conclusion The common mosquitoes of Jiangsu ports have carried 2 species of Wolbachia, its intraspecific and interspecific distribution was highly variable. Through this investigation, the infection of Wolbachia at Jiangsu ports is preliminarily understood, the survey will serve the key of biological control based on the characteristics of Wolbachia.
  • Identification of Berylmys bowersi based on DNA barcoding in Guangdong province
    YAO Dan-dan, FENG Zhi-yong, JIANG Hong-xue
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 143-146. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.007
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    Objective Two previously unknown rodent species were identified by DNA barcoding from Yangchun city, Guangdong province. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from samples, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ genes were amplified using universal primers (BatL5310 and R6036R), then sequenced. BLAST comparison was subsequently carried out in NCBI. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining method. Genetic distances were calculated based on double parameter model. Results DNA sequences from two samples were consistent, suggesting they were the same species. It showed high sequence similarities with Berylmys bowersi(99%) in GenBank. In addition, genetic distance with B. bowersi was 0.004 6, less than 1% threshold of intraspecific genetic distance. Therefore, the unknown species was B. bowersi. Conclusion DNA barcoding is a highly effective approach to rapidly identify species, which could make up the shortages of morphological taxonomy.
  • Investigation on tick-borne pathogens in Inner Mongolia Manchuria port area during 2012-2014
    YANG Yu, GAO Yan-fei, CAO Yang, WANG Jing, DENG Hua, WANG Jian-cheng, CHEN Xue-song, LIU Li-juan, XU Bao-liang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 147-150. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.008
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    Objective Tick-borne pathogens were detected from adult ticks collected in Manchuria port areas on the borders between China, Russia and Mongolia during 2012-2014, to provide basis for monitoring and control of local ticks and tick-borne diseases. Methods The free ticks were collected in the grass and mixed forest areas by hourly flagging method, and parasitic ticks from wild gazelles and other animals by body surface inspection method. RT-PCR was proceeded to detect tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV), Crimean-Congo virus(CCHFV), Novel Bunyavirus(NTB); PCR was proceeded to detect Borrelia burgdorferi, Rickettsia, Francisella tularensis, Bartonella, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia, Coxiella burneti from RNA and DNA derived from ticks, respectively. Results A total of 826 adult ticks were collected and identified as Ixodes persuleatus and Dermacentor nuttalli. PCR results for F. tularensis and Babesia spp. were all negative, B. burgdorferi, A. phagocytophilum, Bartonella, CCHFV, NTB, TBEV were identified with statistically significant differences between I. persuleatus and D. nuttalli(χ2=10.022, 15.776, 16.448, 21.789, 16.448, 16.871, all the P=0.000). Positive results showed as 5.15%(20/388) infection rate from 43 parasitic ticks and 345 free ticks. Borrelia burgdorferi was identified by PCR with statistically significant differences between parasitic and free ticks(χ2=24.617, P=0.000). Conclusion These findings showed the activities of tick-borne pathogens in Manchuria port, different pathogens were carried by different ticks and was common to see co-infection in ticks. It is necessary to strengthen tick-borne disease surveillance and control in this region.
  • Risk assessment on dengue fever in Wuhan city
    WANG Ying, ZHOU Liang-cai, YAN Wei-rong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 151-156. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.009
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    Objective To establish the risk assessment system of dengue fever in Wuhan city. Methods Firstly, the risk assessment indicator was constructed by literature review, and then the Delphi method was applied to optimize the risk assessment system and determine weight coefficient. Additionally, the risk assessment matrix was adopted to assess the risk level of dengue fever. Results The risk assessment indicator system consists of 14 indexes on the risk probability and 6 indexes on risk severity. The results of Delphi method consulting:the authority coefficients above 0.8 indicated that the results of consultation were authoritative. Harmonious coefficient on the risk probability and risk severity were 0.579 and 0.595 respectively(χ2=59.478, P < 0.05), and were of statistical significance, which indicated that the opinions from experts were harmonious. According to the percentage of total weighted score in the maximum score, the risk probability (69.26%) is likely to occur, the risk severity(49.70%) is moderate, and the risk level of dengue fever import into Wuhan city is high. Conclusion The assessment system can be used to assess the risk of dengue fever in Wuhan city. The risk level of dengue fever in Wuhan city is high and justified.
  • Analysis on the surveillance results of dengue fever vectors in border areas of Yunnan province, 2016
    ZHENG Yu-ting, YANG Ming-dong, ZHOU Ke-mei
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 157-160. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.010
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    Objective To investigate the distribution, seasonal fluctuation and the breeding environment of the dengue vector at the border areas of Yunnan province, and for providing the scientific basis for controlling measures of the dengue vector. Methods Collecting larvae at the habitat of 17 border cities in Yunnan province in 2016. Recording the breeding containers and identifying the fourth instar larvae at the laboratory. Calculating the Breteau index(BI), container index (CI), and house index(HI) of Aedes. Entering CI of the temporary water container and the permanent water container from 17 monitoring cities by SPSS 17.0 software. Compare t test of the two independent samples. Results In August 2016, it came out the highest results of the BI, CI, and HI which was 9.45, 4.15%, and 6.65% respectively. There was no statistical significant difference between the CI of the permanent water and the temporary water(t=-1.391, P=0.174). Aedes albopictus were distributed throughout the 17 border cities. There were Ae. aegypti populations in Gengma, Jinghong, Longchuan, Mengla, Ruili, Yingjiang, and Menghai county. Conclusion It still exists the risk of outbreak of the dengue fever in border areas of Yunnan province. Thus monitoring and controlling mosquito should be strengthened.
  • The pesticide resistance investigation of vectors in 2016 International Horticultural Exposition park and surrounding area
    YUN Ling, WANG Fu-cai, ZHANG Qiu-fen, SHANG Xiu-li, CHAO Yi-shu, LIU Yuan-yuan, DONG Rong-xuan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 161-164. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.011
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    Objective To understand the resistance of main vectors to commonly-used insecticides by the successive investigation in Tangshan International Horticultural Exposition park and surrounding areas from 2012 to 2016, and to provide the scientific basis for vector control. Methods Using dipping, topical application and residual film methods to measure the resistance of Culex pipiens pallens, Musca domestica, and Blattella germanica. Results The resistance ratio of Cx. pipiens pallens to temephos, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, tetramethrin and DDT were 0.82, 0.50, 1.94, 2.18, and 0.88, and all considered susceptible. As compared with the previously recorded results(1983, 1991), however, Cx. pipiens pallens showed increased tolerance to deltamethrin in 2009-2011. The resistance ratio of M. domestica to tetramethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and azamethiphos were 3.13, 2.21, 7.07, 100.67, and 6.71, respectively. Musca domestica had low resistance to tetramethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, alpha-cypermethrin, and azamethiphos, and with high resistance to deltamethrin. As compared with the previously reported results(1983), M. domestica showed increased resistance to deltamethrin in 2012-2016,and slightly decreased compared with 1991. The resistance ratio of B. germanica to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, tetramethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, and chlorpyrifos were 37.28, 18.61, 35.95, 27.05, and 17.04, and all considered high resistance. Conclusion Choosing high sensitive pesticides to reasonably kill vectors will ensure effective prevention and control of the vectors for 2016 International Horticultural Exposition.
  • Resistance of Blattella germanica to commonly used insecticides in Hubei province
    TAN Liang-fei, HU Meng-jia, XIONG Jin-feng, YAO Xuan, ZHOU Liang-cai, GAO Yan, GAO Xiong, NI Jian-wei, ZHU Bin-bin, JIA Qian, DU Zhen-bao, HAO Hai-bo, HU Yuan-feng, LI Guo-hui
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 165-167. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.012
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    Objective To investigate the resistance of Blattella germanica to commonly used insecticides,and to provide guidance in B. germanica control. Methods The B. germanica was collected in Wuhan, Xianning, Huangshi, Jingzhou, Yichang, Jingmen, Xiangyang, Shiyan, Ezhou, and Xiantao cities of Hubei province. Collections were maintained in insectary for further processing. The B. germanica used in this study were the first filial generation(F1). The insecticide film method recommended by the World Health Organization was used to determine the median knockdown time(KT50), the corresponding 95%CI, knock-down rate and the levels of resistance of B. germanica exposed to the five commonly used insecticides. Results The resistance ratios to deltamethrin were high in Wuhan, Yichang, and Huangshi(8.16, 7.71, and 6.48 fold). The resistance also reached the high level to beta-cypermethrin in Jingmen, Wuhan, and Yichang(19.75, 7.06, and 6.75 fold). The resistance ratios to dichlorvos were high in Wuhan, Shiyan, and Jingmen(61.22, 9.13, and 8.35 fold). For propoxur and orthene, the resistance ratios were 6.71 and 4.88 in Xiangyang and Jingzhou city, respectively. Conclusion Field collected strains of B. germanica in Hubei province have already developed different resistance levels to dichlorvos, beta-cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Use of environmental management to eliminate the habitat of cockroaches to minimize the residual spray was proposed.
  • Analysis of cockroach surveillance in Wuhan city from 2007 to 2016
    GUO Hui, WANG Gao-ming, LU Yi-xin, WU Tai-ping, TIAN Jun-hua
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 168-171. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.013
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    Objective To obtain the species composition, seasonal dynamics and density in important infestation places of cockroaches in Wuhan city so as to provide a scientific evidence for the prevention and control of cockroaches. Methods The sticky traps method was used to monitor the density of cockroaches in farm produce markets, restaurants, hotels, hospitals and residential areas from 2007 to 2016. The data obtained were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 softuare. Besides, the density and the infestation in every year and different places were compared by Chi-square test and variance analysis, respectively. Results In total, 20 137 cockroaches were captured which belonged to 3 species under 2 genera and 2 families. The average density was 0.94 insects per sheet and the infestation was 18.40%. Blattella germanica was the predomination species, accounting to 96.77%. The seasonal variation of cockroaches was obvious, and the peak mainly happened in June to October. The average density and the infestation rate of cockroaches in farm produce markets and restaurants were highest, which were 1.13 insects per sheet and 27.13%, 1.71 insects per sheet and 26.19%, respectively. Hotels and residential areas were in the next places and hospital was the lowest. The diversity index of cockroaches in residential areas was 0.586 7, which was the highest, and followed by that in farm produce markets and hospital, which were 0.259 0 and 0.232 6, respectively. The structure of cockroaches in farm produce markets, restaurants and residential areas were extremely similar, while the rest of the habitats were moderately similar. Conclusion Blattella germanica is the predominant population of cockroaches in Wuhan city. The activity peak appears in summer and early autumn, besides, the places around farm produce markets and restaurants should be viewed as the key points. Targeted comprehensive control measures should be taken according to the ecological characteristics of cockroach communities in different habitats.
  • Evaluation on the effect of rodent control by bromadiolone in the plague epidemic area
    LIU Zheng-xiang, GAO Zi-hou, DUAN Xing-de, LIANG Yun, ZHANG Zheng-fei, DUAN Bing-hua, PU En-nian, SU Chao, LI Yu-qiong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 172-174. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.014
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    Objective To evaluate the effect of rodent control by bromadiolone in the plague epidemic area, provide basic data for rodent control and plague prevention. Methods In Yulong county, Gucheng district,Jianchuan county and Heqing county residential area and cultivated land in two habitats, 0.005% wheat bait was prepared with 0.5% bromadiolone and applied to project area of the plague epidemic area and non-epidemic area of the control during April to May 2017. Results The killing effect of plague epidemic residential area was 77.67%-100%, cultivated land 88.89%-100%; In control of non-epidemic residential area, killing effect was 88.48%-100%, cultivated 85.72%-97.74%. As to the same habitat in epidemic area and non-epidemic area in different counties, there were no statistical differences in the efficacy of different habitats in 4 counties and cities(χ2=0.800, 0.863, P > 0.05). Two kinds of experimental design methods were used to calculate the effect of residential area and cultivated land, and there was no statistical significance (χ2=1.507, 0.050, P > 0.05). Conclusion In Yunnan provincial residential area and wild animal habitats, bromadiolone still has good effect as poison baits. In the process of plague epidemic disposal, the population density of rats can be effectively reduced, and the spread of plague epidemic can be prevented. It can be utilized in control of commensal and wild rodents to prevent the two types of plague epidemics.
  • Thoughts about the participation of pest control operations in creation of a healthy city
    FENG Xiang-yang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 175-176. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.015
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    To analyze the current situation and existing problems of pest control operation(PCO) participate in the creation of health city, explore the specific requirements for creation of heath city, propose a new way to scientifically solve the standard of vector-biological control for PCO participated in the creation of health city. The aim is to provide reference for better carrying out the creation of health city in the future.
  • Discussion on construction standard and evaluation index of “mosquito-free village” in Zhejiang province
    GUO Song, HUANG Wen-zhong, LING Feng, WU Hong-zhao, SUN Ji-min, LOU Yong-jin, GONG Zhen-yu, HOU Juan, CHEN En-fu
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 177-180. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.016
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    Objective To explore the establishment of a set of construction standard and evaluation index for "mosquito-free village" in rural areas. Methods Mosquito control technology and management were applied to pilot village from the principles of green, economic, sustainable, and long-term management mechanism, and a set of "mosquito-free village" construction standard and evaluation index were summarized from this practice. Results "Mosquito-free village" construction standard contains technical requirements mainly on environmental renovation and management, the evaluation is based on organization and management, the density of mosquitoes and the villagers-health education effect, which limits the sampling principle. Conclusion The standard is feasible in rural practice, and provides reference basis for the integrated mosquito control in rural areas.
  • Epidemiological investigation of a family cluster of two patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Gouqi island of Zhoushan city, Zhejiang province
    DAI Ya-xin, LI Ke-feng, LI Peng, JIANG Ai-nan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 181-183. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.017
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    Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristic of a family clustering occurrence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS) in Gouqi Island, Zhejiang province, to evaluate the risk of further transmission and provide scientific evidence for SFTS outbreak prevention. Methods Field investigation was conducted in July, 2015 to collect the epidemiological information of the two patients from Gouqi Island, as well as their relative household and the surrounding environment. Serum nucleic acid test, gene sequencing and homology analysis were carried out in laboratory. Results An old couple had fever and diarrhea in succession, and thrombocyte was progressive declining, and were diagnosed as confirmed SFTS by viral nucleic acid detection. The husband was bitten by a tick ten days before onset. Virus nucleic acid detection results of the related household and the vector ticks around the surroundings were negative. The serum of the wife was collected for culture, and high nucleotide homology was found at 98.8%-99.9% with the strains from Daishan(ZJ2013-06), Ningbo, and Japan, while only 94.0%-96.0% with the main strain of Daishan, Huaiyangshan, and Henan. Conclusion It was the first time to confirm the prevalence of SFTS in Gouqi Island. The transmission was related to the bites from ticks. The migratory birds may be related to the spread of SFTSV, which needs more studies to validate.
  • Analysis of awareness and infection factors of clonorchiasis among residents in different economic areas in Hunan province
    LUO Chun-xiang, WEI Xuan-dong, DENG Lan-lan, CHEN Dan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 184-188. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.018
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    Objective To investigate the awareness and possible influencing factors of clonorchiasis among residents at different economic levels in Hunan province. Methods Multi-stage cluster sampling were used to extract 1 490 effective subjects, SPSS 16.0 and MLwiN 2.02 softwares were used to analyze the data, and the influencing factors of the awareness were analyzed by multi-level Logistic regression. Results The awareness were different among different economic level regions(according to the order of developed areas/more developed areas/less developed areas, the superior proportion were 10.71%, 7.24%, 7.17%, the poor proportion were 22.03%, 24.79%, 12.95%)(χ2=33.964, P < 0.001), the rate of awareness in economically developed areas and economically underdeveloped areas showed a trend of polarization. The awareness of different diseases was different(according to the order of pathogenic characteristics, clinical manifestations, epidemiological features, the order of personal precautions, the superior proportion were 5.32%, 11.27%, 16.35%, 4.14%, the poor proportion were 32.14%, 24.59%, 19.70%, 28.77%)(χ2=48.823, P < 0.001). The social factors that affect the rate of awareness were disease prevention information acquisition channels(95%CI:0.141-0.706) and ethnic groups (95%CI:2.418-7.222), the clinical factors affecting the awareness were frequency of diarrhea(95%CI:0.113-0.860), history of food poisoning(95%CI:0.121-0.687) and history of parasitic diseases(95%CI:0.134-0.849). Conclusion The key areas for health education of clonorchiasis in Hunan province should be the developed areas, the emphasis of health education are etiological knowledge and personal daily prevention knowledge. At the same time we can also combine the social and clinical factors to carry out the health education for the special population.
  • Study on the change of rodent populations in plague surveillance areas of Hebei province
    MA Yong, YAN Dong, SHI Xian-ming, DU Guo-yi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 189-190. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.019
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    Objective To study the changes of the population structure of 10-year-old rats in the plague surveillance areas in Hebei province, the causal relationship was monitored between the changes of the population structure and the epidemic of plague the population. Methods The 5-Meter-Clip was used. In the evening, the mousetrap was set up, and the mousetrap was collected on the second morning. The result was calculated. Results Through 10 years of monitoring, a total of 145 600 trappings were carried out and 1 257 rats were caught. The catch rate was 0.86%. There were 15 species collected, Cricetulus barabensis was the predominant species of small rats and accounted for about 77.17% of the species. Conclusion The population of small rats has changed in the plague surveillance area of Hebei province. This was resting phase in the natural foci of plague.
  • Study on interictal period for animal plague foci in Hebei province
    GAO Shao-kun, SHI Xian-ming, DU Guo-yi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 191-193. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.020
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    Objective To study the epidemic intermittent period of plague natural foci which wound play an important role in the prevention and control of plague in Hebei province. Methods Meriones unguiculatus were caught by diurnal method and Citellus dauricus were investigated by the one-day bow clip capture from 1981 to 2013 in the natural foci of plague in Hebei province. The density of host animal plague was calculated. Historical data was consulted and the epidemic year was determined. Results The plague was found in 1971 in Hebei province. There were 4 animal plague epidemics from 1971 to 2015. There were 8 epidemic years, namely, 1971, 1972, 1984, 1994, 1995, 2002, 2003, and 2005. The average gap was 10 years. Conclusion The epidemic period of about 10 years of plague exists in the natural focus of the plague of Hebei province.
  • Study on the distribution and seasonal dynamics of Aedes albopictus in Sichuan province, 2015
    LI Guan-cui, QIAN Wei-ping, HU Ya-jie, YU Ji-gang, CHEN Dong-ping, ZHOU Yi-zhao
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 194-196. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.021
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    Objective In order to master the species density, distribution and seasonal variation of Aedes albopictus which spread dengue fever in Sichuan province, provide a scientific, normative and reasonable guide to Ae. albopictus control in Sichuan province, and provide a basic data for dengue outbreak risk predict and early warning, assess the prevention and control effect, draw up a prevention and control plan and so on. Methods Larval breeding was evaluated using the Breteau index(BI), and adult mosquitoes were evaluated by double-mosquito net trapping method. Results The Ae. albopictus BI for an average level was 11.96, the BI in residential area was 17.37, and the park/green belt was 7.76; the mosquito-curtain trap index for an average of 4.14/net·hour, the mosquito-net trapping index in residential area was 6.27/net·hour, and the park/greenbelt was 3.70/net·hour. Conclusion The density of Ae. albopictus was high in Sichuan province. Once there is an imported case of dengue fever, there will be a risk of dengue transmission even outbreak.
  • Investigation of breeding situation of mosquito larvae in urban area of Wuhan city, China
    ZHOU Liang-cai, BAO Ji-yong, CHEN Xiao-min, LIU Jing, ZHU Jun-sheng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 197-199. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.022
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    Objective To investigate the breeding situation of mosquito larvae in the urban area of Wuhan city, China and to provide scientific evidence for mosquito control. Methods To investigate the breeding situation of mosquito larvae in 16 different areas of Wuhan city from May to October 2016. Direct observation was used to investigate the breeding of mosquitoes in small collected waters and containers, and visual observation combined with dip sampling were used to investigate the breeding of mosquitoes in large and medium-sized water bodies. The positive rate of small collected water between different months was compared with χ2 test(Bonferroni correction in group), and P < 0.05 was statistically significant. Results A total of 1 527 positive sites were found in 7 789 small collected waters and containers, with a mean positive rate of 19.6%(7.0%-31.4%). Governmental agencies, enterprises and institutions accounted for the most of the total number of the aquatic habitats of 14.7%(11 47/7 789); In the window unit, the positive rate was the highest, accounted for 31.4%; the positive rate in June was the highest, accounted for 25.7% and lowest in October, accounted for 10.3%(χ2=109.097, P < 0.001). The mean positive rate was 12.2% in the large and medium-sized water bodies, such as square fountains, park landscape waters, sewage ditches. Conclusion The mosquito breeding situation of different types of units (places) in different districts of Wuhan city is basically ascertained, which provides the background information for the accurate mosquito control work in the future.
  • Control effect of new environmental-friendly rodenticide cholecalciferol
    YIN Wei-shen, CAI En-mao, LENG Pei-en, ZHENG Hui, HE Xiao-lan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 200-201. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.023
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    Objective To study field control effect of a new environmental-friendly rodenticide cholecalciferol. Methods Two residential areas were chosen where the environmental condition, the size of area and the rat density were similar in Changning district from January to February in 2017. Cholecalciferol wax pills were used in the treated area and brodifacoum wax pills in the untreated control area for observing the long term effect and feeding situation. Results The decline rates of rat density in the treated area and the control area were 87.02% and 82.81%, respectively. There was no significant difference between two rodenticides(χ2=0.293, P=0.589); the feeding rates of 2 baits were 3.51% and 5.43%. The feeding rate of cholecalciferol was lower than that of brodifacoum, and there were significant differences(χ2=4.205, P=0.040). Conclusion The cholecalciferol rodenticide can effectively reduce the rodent density. With the incoming anticoagulant rodenticide restriction, we suggest gradual introduction and promotion of cholecalciferol and other environmental rodenticides in rodent control in our country, especially development of dosage, application frequency, and control techniques to provide more support for the rodent management.
  • Investigation on the prevalence of mites in a university dormitory in Wuhu city
    HU Hui-zhong, ZHAN Xiao-dong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 202-204. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.024
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    Objective To investigate the university dormitory mite infestation in Wuhu city, as to provide a reference basis for prevention and control measures of dust mite allergy in Wuhu area. Methods From September to November in 2016, No. 10 student apartment buildings on an university campus in Wuhu city were investigated by random sampling method to collect the students'dormitory bed dust separation, the collected dormitory bed dust samples were examined by direct microscopy for identification of seized mites. Results A total of 200 specimens were collected, the positive were 148, and the detection rate was 74.00%. The results showed that there were 9 species of mites. Conclusion There are many kinds of mites in the dormitory of college students, and the corresponding control measures should be taken.
  • Research progress on fundamental biology of ticks
    YU Zhi-jun, LIU Shu-guang, DONG Na, DU Ming-shuo, LIU Jing-ze
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 205-208. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.025
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    As important vectors, ticks can transmit a great variety of zoonotic pathogens, and their harmful effects have long been awarded with new pathogens emerging occasionally. However, researches of fundamental biology of ticks have been obviously lagged behind that of insects. With the rapid development of molecular biology and other inter-discipline techniques, studies on tick taxonomy and systematic, biology and ecology as well as physiology and biochemistry have made great progress, which provide a theoretical basis for the integrated control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. In this paper, we reviewed the development of the fundamental biology of ticks in recent years, hoping to contribute to basic knowledge on subsequent integrated control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.
  • Research status and advances of Anourosorex squamipes
    PENG Guang-xu, ZHANG Qi, CHEN Shun-de
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 209-211. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.026
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    Chinese mole shrew, Anourosorex squamipes Milne-Edwards, 1872 belongs to the subfamily Soricinae (Soricidae:Soricomorpha), which is distributed in southwest China. Besides damaging the crops in the distributed areas, Chinese mole shrew can also be the reservoir hosts of some zoonoses. Based on the documented literatures, this paper reviewed the research status and advances on A. squamipes. The deficiency of previous studies was pointed out. Some perspectives were put forward for further study to the species.
  • Design and application of vector information platform in Ningbo city
    MA Xiao, ZHANG Liang, WANG Gui-an, FAN Ming-suo, YANG Si-jia, SUN Bin, XU Guo-zhang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 212-215. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.027
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    Objective Based on the development demand of the management of vector monitoring,the vector biology information platform was needed in Ningbo city. Methods The system was established by the computer programming technology. Results The vector biology information platform has been popularized and applied in our city, medical institutions and CDC,which further promoted the construction of media information and adapted to the health of Ningbo media biological management requirements. Conclusion Changing the traditional non-information to the information work mode can greatly improve the work efficiency and quality.
  • Application and practice on information management of vector control in railway stations
    KANG Li
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 216-219. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.028
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    Objective To discuss the application of data, and to solve the problems in scheduling of railway transportation using the method of information management. Methods The internet B/S framework was used to develop the information management system for data processing and statistical analysis. It was put into practice and applied in operations. Results Efficient vector management was achieved by grasping the dynamic changes of vehicle operation maintaining historical records, monitoring and tracking key compartments to control vector breeding. There are no complaints about rodents and cockroaches from the passenger trains every year. Conclusion The management of vector prevention and control can enhance management, improve work efficiency and service quality.
  • Investigation of 4 elements in soil of natural foci of plague in Hebei province
    SHI Xian-ming, DU Guo-yi, YOU Dian-ping
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(2): 220-220. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.029
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