ISSN 1003-8280 CN 10-1522/R 中国疾病预防控制中心 主办
Objective To detect the infection of Francisella and Francisella-like endosymbiont(FLEs)in Haemaphysalis longicornis from Liaoning province. Methods In July 2013, 357 H. longicornis collected in Liaoning province were divided into 38 groups, and cultured for Francisella tularensis. Detection of Francisella and FLEs was performed using nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assays based on the amplification of 16S rRNA. The PCR products amplified with target fragment were sequenced, and then their nucleotide sequences obtained were aligned and performed phylogenetic analysis with published sequences of Francisella and FLEs in GenBank. Results In the sequenced 13 groups of H. longicornis, 5 groups belonged to F. tularensis, other 8 to FLEs. It was calculated that the minimum carrying rate with F. tularensis in H. longicornis from Helan town was 2.12%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that 5 groups were assigned to a clade of F. tularensis, and the rest 8 groups to main clade with FLEs. Conclusion The current work is the first detection of the infection of F. tularensi and FLEs in H. longicornis from Liaoning province, which serves a warning to the health department within the region to do further risk assessment on the emergence of tularemia.
Objective In order to construct fast and efficient genome sequencing platform of Banna virus (BAV), we designed specific-type sequencing primers for BAV. Methods In this study, primer design software Primer Premier v6.0 was used to design the BAV genotype A specific amplification and sequencing primers to analyze the genotype, the sequences of which were based on the information of BAV on GenBank. Meanwhile, the whole-genome sequences of type A1 and A2 of 30 strains of BAV isolated in China, were sequenced by these primers. Results Two sets of specific amplification and sequencing primers for BAV were designed, 26 pairs for gene A1 subtype, and 30 pairs for gene A2 subtype. Moreover, the whole-genome sequences of 30 strains of BAV were amplified. Conclusion Specific amplification primers of BAV with high efficiency and accuracy were designed, laying foundation for further studies on biological feature of BAV.
Objective To explore status of various tick-borne pathogens at Zhangmu ports, assess the risk, and provide scientific evidence for tick-borne diseases surveillance and prevention. Methods The ticks were collected at Zhangmu ports in Tibet during 2012-2014, some of the tick samples were classified and identified by PCR and molecule epidemiological techniques. Results A total of 1 779 ticks were collected, 232 ticks were tested, and 3 microorganisms were found:Bartonella, Rickettsia, Borrelia burgdorferi. Among them, it was the first discovery for Bartonella in Tibet, and this was the predominant tick-borne microorganism. Conclusion A few tick-borne pathogens exist in Tibet with lower risk of human infectioon, however we should prevent cross-border spread of tick-borne infectious diseases.
Objective We studied the insecticidal and repellent activity of ethanol extracts from 4 plants against Musca domestica so as to provide theoretical basis for eco-friendly Muscacide. Methods The larvicidal activity of 4 plant ethanol extracts against M. domestica was determined by drug loaded sugar feeding method, and the repellent activity of ethanol extracts from 4 plants against M. domestica was evaluated using the impregnated paper assays. Results The results showed that the LC50 values of ethanol extracts from the leaves of Cinnamomum caphoran, C. pedunculatum, Platycladus orientalis, and Cedrus deodara against M. domestica were 7.58, 16.02, 44.08, 38.24 mg/ml, respectively. At the concentration of 1.572 mg/cm2, the repellent percentages of ethanol extracts from the leaves of C. caphoran, C. pedunculatum, P. orientalis, and C. deodara were 93.33%, 88.33%, 58.33%, and 60.00%, respectively. Conclusion The results suggested that the 4 plant ethanol extracts possess high insecticidal and repellent activity against M. domestica, they have a great potential to be developed into a eco-friendly Muscacide.
Objective To learn feeding rate of Microtus fortis calamorum to carex alone and to enrich the ecological knowledge of M. fortis. Methods Fifteen female and male adult individuals with similar weight and health and without injury or pregnancy, were raised separately in plastic cages measured 37 cm×27 cm×17 cm. The subjects were allowed to feed on carex ad libitum for 7 d, then their weight, intake rate, and metabolic rate were measured and analyzed. Results The average weight of adult female voles decreased from(84.23±15.29) g to(48.03±6.47) g, while the average weight adult male voles increased from(58.48±3.22) g to(68.70±10.95) g after 7 d. The feeding rate and metabolic rate of adult males were(0.06±0.04)%, lower than feeding rate(0.08±0.05)% and metabolic rate(0.09±0.05)% in adult females. However, the differences were insignificant(P>0.05) although both numerical values of the females were higher than those of the males. Conclusion It implies that carex alone cannot meet the nutritional needs of adult M. fortis, and the requirement of nutrition of the adult females is higher than that of the males.
Objective To investigate mosquito fauna and habitats in the north of Laos and provide evidences for clarification of mosquitoes, prevention of mosquitoes borne diseases and take advantage of biological resources. Methods Seven counties of five provinces in the north of Laos were chosen randomly from August to October in 2014 and 2015. Adult mosquitoes were collected by overnight trapping with ovitrap light and larvae were collected in the different breeding sites. All captured mosquitoes were processed in the lab. Results In total, 5 921 adult mosquitoes and 3 526 larvae were collected from 82 species of 19 subgenera of 15 genera in 3 subfamilies. All captured adult mosquitoes from 37 species of 11 subgenera of 10 genera in 2 subfamilies were collected by overnight trapping with ovitrap light. The predominant species was Culex tritaeniorhynchus(3 925, 66.29%). Besides, collected larvae belonged to 59 species of 17 subgenera of 12 genera in 3 subfamilies. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was still the predominant species(751, 21.30%). In total, 636 larval habitats of seven different environments were investigated. The predominant habitats were bamboo tube and tree hole(162) and wasted tires(153), these three habitats accounted for 49.30%(315/636)in all habitats. Conclusion The mosquito species showed biological richness in the north of Laos. The predominant species was Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, followed by Anopheles argyropus, An. minimus, An. sinensis, Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus and Ae. aegypti. The diversity and complexity of habitats of larvae were observed. Different mosquito larvae preferred different habitats, but symbiotic phenomenon of various mosquito species commonly existed.
Objective To evaluate the effect of insecticidal barrier spray on vegetation for the control of Aedes albopictus in the field, and provide the technical support for the control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Methods In the present study, 2.5% beta-cyfluthrin was applied as a barrier spray to vegetation. Two mosquito sampling methods of mosq-ovitraps and human landing catch were used to investigate the mosquito density. Results The average density reduction was 92.7%, 83.7%, 89.1%, and 61.4% respectively in human landing catch in 1-4 weeks after spraying. The reduction of mosq-ovitrap index were 91.4%, 88.9%, 76.6%, and 85.7% respectively in mosq-ovitraps during the same time period. Conclusion The study showed that the Ae. albopictus were controlled by insecticidal barrier spray on vegetation lasting 3 weeks, it could provide technical support for the sustainable control and management of Aedes mosquitoes.
Objective Mosquito collection was carried out in Chengde of Hebei province to explore the effects of altitudes, habitat types and investigation methods for adults and larvae on mosquito species investigation,so as to provide reference for an efficient survey, and prevention and control mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Methods Research sites were selected within three habitat types in Chengde at different altitudes in July to August of 2015. Light-trapping method, mosquito habitat capture method for adults and the pipette method, scoop dipping method for larvae were used. The influencing factors were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results The mosquitoes that were collected in this study included Anopheles sinensis(45.12%), Culex pipiens pallens(27.44%), Armigeres subalbatus(11.03%), Aedes koreicus(6.90%), Cx. vegans(6.23%), Ae. vexans(2.44%), An. messese(0.42%), and Ae. chemulpoensis(0.42%). Anopheles messese was a new record in Hebei province. The influencing factors of mosquito species investigation included altitudes, habitat types and investigation methods for adults and larvae. With the reference category of Cx. pipiens pallens, Cx. vegans, An. sinensis, Ae. koreicus, and Ae. vexans had a higher appearing rate at high altitude, and to the contrary with Ar. subalbatus. Anopheles sinensis, Ar. subalbatus, and Ae. koreicus had a higher appearing rate in breeding and growing areas, An. sinensis had a higher appearing rate in rural residential areas, and to the contrary with Ae. koreicus. Culex vegans, Ar. subalbatus, Ae. chemulpoensis, and Ae. koreicus had a higher capture rate with investigation methods for larvae. Conclusion The population and density of An. sinensis at high altitude areas, and the breeding and growing areas and rural residential areas in Chengde should be particularly concerned. Appropriate mosquito-control measures should be taken at areas likely to appear An. sinensis, so as to prevent and control malaria and other infectious diseases by vector mosquitoes.
Objective To determine the species composition and seasonality of mosquitoes in different environments in Tianjin, then provide scientific basis and proposal for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Methods From April to November during 2011 to 2015, mosquitoes were captured by light trapping in 16 cities or countries of Tianjin, and then the data were analyzed. The adult mosquito surveillance data from every district collected by light trapping were analyzed. Results From 2011 to 2015, 393 176 mosquitoes were captured,which belonged to 4 species, 3 genera, 2 subfamilies, and Culex pipiens pallens was the predominant species, accounting for 94.98% of the total number of mosquitoes. The active peak of mosquitoes was from July to August, the highest density appeared in July in 2011, which is 42.08/(trap·h). In different environments, the density in livestock shed was always the highest from 2011 to 2015. The average density was 24.34/(trap·h). Conclusion The species composition and seasonal fluctuation of vectors mosquitoes were preliminarily known. And the results provide guidance for mosquito and mosquito-borne diseases control.
Objective To examine the effect of Masson pine pollen and Zea pollinium as food attractant to Reticulitermes chinensis. Methods The treatments were designed with Masson pine pollen, and Zea pollinium at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. The olfactory response and selectivity of R. chinensis were determined with a four-arm olfactometer, and food consumption of during 10 d was measured. Results The results showed that 15% and 25% Masson pine pollen, and 5%, 10%, and 15% Zea pollinium had a repellency to R. chinensis, but other concentrations with an attractant effect; food consumption of R. chinensis to untreated control(52-54 mg)was significantly more than the baits containing Masson pine pollen(5-24 mg); between untreated control(11-57 mg)and 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% Zea pollinium(15-43 mg), there was no significant difference,but significant at 30% Zea pollinium(108 mg)obviously more than to control check (12 mg). Conclusion 20% Masson pine pollen and 15% Zea pollinium were attractive to R. chinensis. Termite didn't like food containing Masson pine pollen, but preferred food containing Zea pollinium and food consumption gradually increased with concentration increasing. Therefore, researchers suggested that olfactory response and food consumption had no correspondence, and should research and analyze separately.
Objective Examine the effect of used feed by Periplaneta americana on feeding behavior of Blattella germanica to explore causes of B. germanica displacing P. americana. Methods Feeding amount, shape and Y-tube olfactometer experiments. Results Blattella germanica prefered P. americana used feed(feed B), 33.48 times of fresh mouse feed(feed A)(P<0.05)through 2-12 d by feeding amount experiment; During 14-26 d,feeding amount of two feeds were similar(P>0.05); while during 28-36 d, Blattella germanica preferred feed A 3.02 times more than feed B (P<0.05). In Y-tube lactometer experiment, all B. germanica selected the feed B. And the shape experiment indicated that the shape didn't affect the feed amount of B. germanica(P>0.05). Conclusion The quick adaption of B. germanica to P. americana used feed improve their chance of survival.
Objective To investigate the species, geographical distribution and activity of Diptera, Tabanidae of Qinghai province, China, and provide scientific basis for Qinghai province to control the harm of the Tabanidae. Methods Capturing with nets, trapping tent luring with person or livestock and device were used to collect Tabanidae, with related references collected in 2014-2015. Results In total 31 species of 5 genera of Tabanidae were obtained. The percentages were Chrysops and Tabanus 12.90%(4/31), Hybomitra 54.84%(17/31). Geographical distribution for most of these insects, especially of Chrysops, Haematopota, Hybomitra and Tabanus were in the south of Qinghai plateau; Atylotus and Hybomitra were found in the southern mountainous where Atylous misers were predominant species; Hybomitra and Atylotus were collected in the Qaidam Basin where H. zaitzevi were predominant species. Ecological habit H. zaitzevi Olsufjev of Geermu showed activities from June to September, peak in July. They usually fly from 09:00 to 20:00. The peak of their activities was during 15:00-18:00 and reached the maximum in about 17:00 every single day. Conclusion There are relatively abundant species of Tabanidae in Qinghai and they are widely distributed in the province, H. zaitzevi is predominant species, the activity peak of it is in July.
A new record species was identified as Amblyomma hebraeum Koch, 1844, which was intercepted from wet-salted bovine hide imported from South Africa at Foshan port. By collecting and introducing information on the distribution, the host, the morphological characteristics, the life cycle, the diseases which are transmitted by the ticks and the quarantine measures, reference for inspection and quarantine work at the port are provided.
Two new species of the Culicoides(Oecacta), C.(O.) mengyuanensis sp. nov.,and C.(O.) sublini sp. nov. are described from Yunnan and Tibet in China. C.(O.) mengyuanensis sp. nov. is somewhat allied to C.(O.) yadongensis Chu, 1977 in the eyes and buccal armature, but is distinctly different from antenna sensilla coeloconica present on segments 3, 11-15, antennal ratio(AR)1.04 of female C.(O.) yadongensis Chu, 1977. C.(O.) sublini sp. nov. is similar to C.(O.) lini Kitaoka et Tanaka, 1985, both are distinctly different in the small-sized species(wing length 0.93 mm), eyes with interfacetal hairs, wing base portion with a pale spot, and contiguity with a pale spot in basal portion of Anal cell; wing with a pale spot over basal potion half of R1 cell and r-m cross-vein, and separated with a pale spot in middle potion of M2 cell of female C. lini Kitaoka et Tanaka, 1985. The type specimens are deposited in the Shenyang Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shenyang 110034).
Two new species of genus Culicoides(Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) were trapped from Tianshan piedmonts in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, in September 2015 and named as C. tianshanensis Chen, Ayiken et Yu, sp. nov. and C. lochmocola Yu, Ayiken et Chen, sp. nov. respectively. The type specimens are deposited in the Medical Entomology Collected Galery(Fengtai East Street No. 20, Beijing 100071).
Objective To investigate the biological characteristics and host distribution of Yersinia enterocolitica in Dengfeng, 2013. Methods Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated by tradition culture method. These bacteria were analyzed by the systematic biochemistry, serotype, and PCR detection methods. Results There were 1 138 samples collected in 2013. The isolation rate of Y. enterocolitica was 14.85%(169/1 138), the isolation rate of swine was 36.55%(144/394). In total, 146(86.39%), were classified into biology type 3 and O:3. The toxicity gene distribution characters were as follow:81.06%(137/169) of them were ail+, ystA+, yadA+, virF+, 5.33%(9/169) were ail+, ystA+, 12.43%(21/169) were ystB+, 1.18%(2/169) were ail-, ystA-, ystB-, yadA-, virF-. Conclusion Swine were important host as pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. O:3 was the major serotype.
Objective To analyze the growth trend of plague host and vector species in Tengchong city during 2011-2015, and provide the evidence-based proof for the plague control and prevention. Methods The surveillance data of host and vector were collected and sorted through clip cage and 5 m method. Yersinia pestis was cultured and serum F1 was detected to calculate the rate density,flea infection rate and flea indicator. Results In 2011-2015, Tengchong city captured 2 506 small mammals,belonged to 3 orders, 6 families (subfamilies), 15 genera, 22 species. Rattus tanezumi was the predominant species(1 233/2 506, 49.20%). Also 666 fleas were captured, which belonged to 5 families, 7 subfamilies, 15 genera, 19 species with total flea indicator was 0.27 (666/2 506). Leptopsylla segnis (247/666, 37.09%) and Xenopsylla cheopis(128/666, 19.22%) were the main species. The average indoor small mammal density was 0.63%(235/37 080), and the outdoor small mammal density was 2.15%(790/36 690), which have the statistical significance(χ2=229.750, P<0.05). In addition,the two methods also have the statistical significance(χ2=28.470, P<0.05). The highest capture rate for R. tanezumi and X. cheopis were observed in July and September. In total, 702 samples were detected in laboratory, and 2 506 samples and 682 samples of Y. pestis from rodents and flea were cultured but none was positive. Conclusion Tengchong city was plague endemic area. Though the plague was in the stationary phase, the indoor surveillance should be prioritized, along with outdoor surveillance. Also the quanlity of surveillance should be improved to avoid the plague re-emergence.
Objective To investigate Hantavirus(HV) infection of captured rodents at Nansha ports and provide a scientific basis for the control of rodents and rodent-borne diseases. Methods During May 2013 to April 2014, surveillance of the rodent carriers was performed in 7 coastal harbors in Nansha. The rodents were collected using rat cages and clamps. Lung samples were taken for HFRS viral testing. HV genotype was analyzed using Real-time RT-PCR. Results A total of 538 rodents were captured, including 6 species Suncus murinus, Rattus norvegicus, R. tanezumi, Bandicota indica, Mus musculus, R. losea, among which S. murinus was the predominant group, accounting for 53.16% (286/538). Total of 538 samples were tested, the positive rate of HV was 2.60%(14/538). Nucleotide sequences analysis showed that the virus detected belongs to the Seoulvirus type. Conclusion The HV was carried by rodents at Nansha ports. Surveillance for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome among rodents and the control of rodents should be implemented.
Objective To investigate the epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic of HFRS in 2013-2015 in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night, and the population density and community structure of captured rodents was determined. Hantavirus(HV) antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 1 309 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2013-2015, with an incidence of 1.16/100 000. The cases were widely distributed, county-level cities, or districts. The cases of HFRS were the highest in Shaowu, Jinjiang and Shishi city. The surveillance of rodents showed that the mean population density of rodents was 6.83% indoors, and Rattus norvegicus, which carried Soul virus, was the predominant species. In the mixed epidemic area,the mean population density of rodents was 5.60% in the field, and Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species. HV antigen was detected for the first time from R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi in Yunxiao, Qingliu, and Mingxi counties. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus is still the main host animal of HFRS in Fujian. The incidence of HFRS was at the highest level in 2013-2015 in Fujian, especially in Shaowu city, Songxi, Zhenghe, and Zhouning counties. Rodent control should be well performed, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely used among the high-risk populations, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.
Objective To explore the infection status and the characteristics of distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi in the north mountainous area of Beijing, and to provide a scientific basis for its prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 549 subjects were selected to carry out the seroepidemiological investigation from April to August of 2011, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test(ELISA) method was used to detect the scrub typhus IgG antibody. Meanwhile, in accordance with different geographical region, different age and different sex, the antibody level of the serum samples were made a comparison, and the survey questionnaire was carried out. Results A total of 549 serum samples were collected, the positive rate of scrub typhus IgG antibody was 9.47%. The positive rates of the male and female antibody were 11.06% (26/235)and 8.28%(26/314), respectively. The positive rate of scrub typhus IgG antibody in each monitoring point were Dachengzi 10.00%, Taishitun 9.33%, Xitiangezhuang 15.00%, Gubeikou town 5.00%, Shicheng town 8.08%, respectively. And there were no significant differences in antibody levels of human serum samples in different regions, age and sex groups(χ2=6.156, 6.307, 1.215, P=0.188, 0.177, 0.270). The survey found that only 8 persons knew of scrub typhus, 104 of them could recognize the chigger, and only 41 of them had an obvious chigger bite history. People knew scrub typhus through TV. Conclusion Orientia tsutsugamushi is in endemic in the north mountainous area of Beijing, and the distribution of the regions is wide. Natural foci of scrub typhus likely exist in the north mountainous area of Beijing; and the exposed populations lack of knowledge of scrub typhus and have high infection risk, so it is urgent to take the health education in rural area by various ways.
Objective To investigate the species and distribution of fleas in the frontier ports of China. Methods The fleas were collected from the rodents captured by snap-trap and live-trap, during the period from 2001 to 2015. Results The fleas were identified as 113 species or subspecies, belonging to 6 families, and 28 genera. Due to the complex habitats, the northern port areas have large variety of host rodents and the fleas. The fleas in the Xinjiang port areas possess the most diversity, reaching 57 species and subspecies, among which, 29 species occurring in Alashankou port. Closely followed were Inner Mongolia port areas, including 24 species in Erlianhaote port, then Heilongjiang port areas, including 19 species in Suifenhe port area. For the habitats of the southern port areas are monotonous, and the common host animals were commensal rodents,the species of fleas were less. Only 1-2 species were captured at most of those ports. Conclusion The species and distribution of fleas in the important frontier ports of China were studied, which provided the basic data for the prediction, risk analysis and prevention and control of flea borne diseases at frontier ports in the whole country.
Objective To investigate the effects of the establishment of the dengue fever prevention and control demonstration area on the government capacity of mass prevention and control and to explore sustainable prevention and control measures, so as to set up the foundation for the preventive strategies and measures for mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Chancheng District Government, Bureau of Health and Family Planning Commission at sub-district and town levels, Office of Patriotic Health Campaign Committee,and local villagers' committees and neighborhood committees were selected and reviewed for the investigation and assessment of dengue response capacity. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 19.0 software. Chi-square test was used for the comparison of univariate analysis, while t-Test was applied for the comparison between two independent sample means. Results From Chancheng district government to its subordinate towns and sub-districts, the leadership establishment, the establishment of health emergency response system, the logistics support, the budget planning and supervising mechanisms were all put in place accordingly before and after the construction of the demonstration area. After the establishment of the demonstration area, the proportions of the organizational structure and the contingency planning management on the level of villagers' committee and neighborhood committee have been increased significantly(χ2=22.510, 47.890, P<0.05). The proportions of the establishment of emergency response team,the exercises of contingency drill,the strategic contingency material reservation and the implementation of supervising mechanisms(93.38%, 36.03%, 61.76%, 85.29%, and 51.47%)were all higher than the conditions before the establishment of the Demonstration Area,with statistically significant differences(χ2=9.890, 44.180, 63.520, 37.330, 52.270, P<0.05). Also, disinfection personnel of local villagers' committees and neighborhood committees increased from 4 people in 2014 to 7 people in 2015,with statistically significant difference(t=-3.600, P<0.05). Conclusion The establishment of dengue fever prevention and control demonstration area in Chancheng district improved the governmental capacity of mass prevention and control,established a normal mechanism of mass prevention and control, carried out the mosquito vector control projects efficiently, and mitigated the epidemics locally.
Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the combined application of BG-Sentinel mosquito trap (BGS-trap) and grid management for dengue vector surveillance in dengue fever outbreak. Methods In 2015, in early stage of the study, two different adult mosquito elimination operations were launched in community A and community G of G town in Zhongshan city, community A received the combination of BGS-trap for dengue vector surveillance and grid management, while community G used the routine disinfection treatment and surveillance of BGS-trap, the results of these two models were compared at the end of the study. Results Community A was continuously monitored for 20 d, during which 278 Aedes mosquitoes were caught from 23 BGS-traps. The community G was continuously monitored for 13 d, 531 Aedes mosquitoes were collected from 8-9 BGS-traps. The results of wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that Aedes mosquito density of community G was higher than that of community A (Z=2.667, P=0.000). Conclusion The combined application of BGS-trap and grid management offered objective and timely assessment, which effectively supported the guidance of mosquito control and reduced the risk of dengue's spread. It is worthy of further promotion and application.
Objective To investigate the distribution of Aedes albopictus in the central city of Yuxi, providing scientific basis for prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods Mosquito larvae were captured indoor and outdoor water containers from north, south, west, east and central residential areas and special places in the central city; adult mosquito was collected by human landing collection and whole site at special places; and dengue virus was tested by specific nucleic acid detection for Ae. albopictus adult mosquitoes. Results Aedes albopictus was found in 3 villages at the north of the city and 1 residential area at the west of the city,the total container index(CI) was 0.37. In the east, south and center of the city, no Ae. albopictus was found. Total of 2 193 individuals of 7 species were collected from a waste tire processing factory and a salvage station in the north and west of the city, and Ae. albopictus accounted for 82.44%(1 808/2 193); the CI of larvae was 5.21, Breteau index reached up to 60.00 at waste tire processing factory in the north of the city. No dengue virus was detected in Ae. albopictus adult mosquitoes. Conclusion It was the first time found Ae. albopictus in the central city of Yuxi, and its density was high, it's hinted that there is a risk of dengue transmission and epidemic, and the attention should be paid by the relevant health departments.
Objective To investigate the community composition of the rodents and their densities in different seasons and habitats in Changsha city, China, and to provide a scientific basis for rodent control measures. Methods Once in every month of each year, the night trapping method was used to monitor the rodent densities at randomly selected sites, one in special industry, one in natural village, and one in residential community. The statistical analysis was applied to gathered data, which was used to predict rodent density from 2016 to 2017 by autoregressive integrated moving average model. Results A total of 676 rodents were captured from 2006 to 2015, with a mean density of 1.06%. Of all the rodents, the predominant species was Rattus norvegicus, amounting 50.15% (339/676). The density of the rodent was the highest in the special industry followed by the natural village and residential community. The monthly seasonal fluctuations of the rodent mean density during a 10-year period showed the first peak in March and the second peak in June. The density was found decreasing with time during the study period. Conclusion Community composition and seasonal density fluctuation of the rodents in Changsha city were acquired. It is suggested to take integrated rodent control measures and enhance long-term monitoring, according to the habits and characteristics of the rodents and their seasonal density fluctuations.
As the development of modem space information technology, geographic information system(GIS) has been widely used in medical parasitology in recent years, becoming an important research tool for parasitic diseases. In this paper, the application of GIS in the research of angiostrongyliasis and its vector and intermediate host was reviewed from five aspects:the spatial distribution of angiostrongyliasis and its vector, surveillance of disease and vector, analysis for etiology and risk factors, disease risk assessment, trend prediction for disease development, and it is useful to provide clues and theoretical basis for the control and prevention of angiostrongyliasis.
Push-pull strategy is a new integrated, nontoxic pest management method. The strategies involve the behavioral manipulation of insect pests and their natural enemies via the integration of stimuli that make the protected sources unattractive or unsuitable to the pests (push), while luring them toward attractive sources (pull) from where the pests are subsequently removed. The strategy is a useful tool for integrated pest management programs reducing pesticide application. The strategy has been successfully used in agriculture pest management. But in management of public health pests, it was only used in few species. In this paper, it summarized some cases of push-pull strategies used in public health pest control, in order to promote the push-pull application in the future.
