ISSN 1003-8280 CN 10-1522/R 中国疾病预防控制中心 主办
【Abstract】 Objective To predict the risk indicators of the harm caused by vectors and the occurrence of related diseases during the Olympic Games by risk recognition and assessment methods. To take response measure timely and reduce effectively the harm caused by vectors in order to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of vector?borne diseases. Methods To grade the risk by analyzing the occurrence probability and consequence of risk event comprehensively. Firstly, educe the list and confirm the classification of the risk by literature consultation, empirical analysis, brain storm and expert advice. Secondly, judge the risk level by risk assessment index matrix method and provide the standard to the risk classification. Results The vector?borne diseases and nuisance caused by vectors could be potential during the Olympic Games. For the probability of the public health event caused by vectors, it certainly happens for the biting and infestation of vectors, and probably occurs for environment disruption. It is rare for the occurrence of cables bitten by rodent and power apparatus disruption. The levels of the public health event damaged by vector are as follows: it is moderate harm for the cable bitten and electronic facility disruption, and it is slight harm for the vector biting and infestation or environment disruption. Conclusion The goal that there is no serious harmful events caused by vectors during Beijing Olympic Games would be certainly realized by scientific recognition and assessment of the risk, comprehensive surveillance of vectors, integrated control, scientific using of pesticide, the organization of emergency response team and the generalization of advanced technology.
【Abstract】 Objective To detect the difference of the salivary protein spectrum from Aedes albopictus aged 3 days with blood-feed and sugar-feed, respectively. Methods The salivary protein was detected with Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit and SDS-PAGE. Results The amount of salivary gland proteins in sugar-feed and blood-feed mosquitoes aged 3 days was approximately （1.243±0.460）μg/female and （0.945±0.460）μg/female, respectively. There were at least twelve major proteins in sugar-feed mosquito salivary glands analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and no difference was detected in the electrophoretic bands between sugar-feed and blood-feed mosquitoes salivary gland. Conclusion No specific protein was induced after Ae.albopictus feeding blood, but the total protein of salivary gland per female decreased after a blood meal.
【Abstract】 Objective To find out the relationship between the mosquito diversity in residential areas and its geographical distribution pattern along the midstream and downstream areas of Lantsang. Methods CDC light?traps were used to collect mosquitoes in 9 residential areas of 5 counties along the Lantsang. Results A total of 4682 mosquitoes belonged to 28 species of 6 genus were collected. The results showed that the Shannon?Wiener’s diversity index （H′） had a negative correlation with latitudes（r＝-0.3219） and elevations（r＝-0.4238）. Conclusion In the residential areas of Lantsang, Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species, Anopheles sinensis, Cx.annulus, Armigeres subalbatus, Cx.pipiens quinguefasciatus, An.splendidus and Cx.fuscocephala were the common species. The Shannon?Wiener’s diversity index （H′） had the relationship with the latitudes and elevations.
【Abstract】 Objective To develop a molecular technology to assay human blood index of Anopheline mosquito which could substitute for the traditional immunological method. Methods A pair of specific primer were designed according to the sequence of human rDNA, and the human blood in Anopheline mosquito was identified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Meanwhile, the DNA extracted from the blood of pig, cattle, goat, mouse and the mosquito without bloodsucking were detected to verify the specificity of the method. And the DNA extracted from the mosquitoes after its bloodsucking for different time （such as 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 27 h, 30 h, 33 h, 36 h, 40 h, 44 h, 48 h） were detected to determine the sensitivity of the method. Results The specific PCR product （519 bp） was amplified from the DNA extracted from human blood. No specific PCR product was found either from the blood of other animals or from the mosquitoes without bloodsucking. The specific bands were produced from all the mosquitoes within bloodsucking for 24 h. After bloodsucking for 27 h, 30 h, 33 h and 36 h, only 4, 4, 2, 1 mosquito could produce specific bands in the total of 5 tested mosquitoes, respectively. No specific PCR product was amplified after feeding for 40 h. Logistic regression analysis indicated there was a negative correlation between the bloodsucking time and the quantity of positive mosquitoes detected by PCR after bloodsucking for 24-40 h （P＜0.01）. Conclusion The PCR method developed in this study could identify human blood in Anopheles sinensis within bloodsucking for 24 h accurately， which could replace the traditional immunological method.
【Abstract】 Objective To compare biological characteristics and population dynamics of deltamethirn-resistance strain and susceptible strain of Aedes albopictus in the laboratory. Methods Biological characteristics of two mosquito strains such as reproduction, development and bloodsucking were observed and recorded in the laboratory, and the life tables of them were established. Results The hatching rate, pupation rate and emergence rate of resistance strain were lower than that of susceptible strains， decreasing about 16.67%, 8.92%, and 0.44% respectively, and the difference of them were significant（P＜0.05）. The bloodsucking rate and the quantity of female filial generation reproduced by each female of resistance strain were also lower than that of susceptible strain. R0 and rm of resistance strain were 151.86 and 0.16 respectively, however that of susceptible strain were 177.18 and 0.20. Conclusion The resistance of Ae.albopictus to deltamethrin results in the decrease of adaptability to environment change and the disadvantage of reproduction.
【Abstract】 Objective To compare the developmental duration and vector capacity of malaria transmission of Anopheles anthropophagus from Liaoning and Jiangsu on pre-mature stage. Methods In laboratory, An.anthropophagus from Liaoning and Jiangsu were reared in the same environment and infected artificially in vitro. The biological indexes such as hatchability, emergence rate, pupation rate, the positive rate of mosquito stomach and oocyst and sporozoite infection rate of salivary gland were observed, respectively. Results The average developmental duration of egg from Liaoning population and Jiangsu population were 3.66 d and 3.84 d, and the hatchibility of egg were 76.0% and 74.3%. That of larva were 6.67 d and 8.26 d and the pupation rates were 94.7% and 96.0%. That of pupa were 1.60 d and 1.72 d and the emergence rates were 97.2% and 98.6%. The positive rates of mosquito stomach and oocyst were 25.1% and 28.1%, and the sporozoite infection rates of mosquito salivary gland were 8.4% and 10.7%. Conclusion It was no significant difference statistically between the developmental duration of larva and vector capability of malaria transmission of An.anthropophagus from Liaoning and Jiangsu （P＞0.05）. Therefore, the surveillance of vector should be strengthened during malaria transmission period.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effects of Boettcherisca peregrine pupae frozen storage on the reproduction of Nasonia vitripennis. Methods The developmental duration, body length, female longevity and reproduction of the parasitoid were tested after the pupae of B.peregrine were frozen for different times at -20 ℃ and -70 ℃. Results The developmental durations of N.vitripennis progeny (F1) at B.peregrine pupae stored at -20 ℃ and -70 ℃ were 12-13 d, the body length of female and male progeny were about 2 mm and 1.4 mm, respectively, and the longevity of female progeny was about 11 days. The above indexes had no significant difference with the control. The parasitic ratio of F1 N.vitripennis to natural B.peregrine pupae was 90%-97%, and the emergence ratio of F1 progeny was about 80%-87%. There were about 40 progeny parasitoids emerged from one fly pupa, and the female ratio was about 90%, the examined indexes had no significant difference with the control. Conclusion Frozen storage of B.peregrine pupae had no effect on the development and quality of N.vitripennis progeny.
【Abstract】 Objective To observe the change of protein in the hemlymph and DNA and RNA in the tissue from the 3rd stage larva of Musca domestica before and after diapause. To explore the biochemistry mechanism of M.domestica larvae diapause. Methods The diapause of the 3rd stage larva of M.domestica was inducted by low temperature.（1）The change of hemlymph protein in the diapause and the nondiapause groups were observed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis?SDS. （2） The RNA and DNA in the tissue of the diapause and the nondiapause groups were extracted and the contents were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Results （1） The numbers of protein straps in the diapause groups were similar to that in nondiapause group.But the content of the protein in the groups after diapause for 20 d was obviously higher than that in the nondiapause group. The optical density value was 203 475.69 at 85 kd.（2）The DNA content in all diapause groups was much lower than that of nondiapause group. The RNA content obviously decreased after diapause for 10 d and 15 d, but it obviously increased after diapause for 20 d. The contents of RNA and DNA after diapause for 10 d and 15 d decreased to 0.598, 0.546 μg/mg, but they increased to 1.337 μg/mg after diapause for 20 d. Conclusion Perhaps there was no diapause associated protein in diapause M.domestica larva. The decrease and increase of the proportion of RNA to DNA could be as the signal of beginning and ending of M.domestica larva diapause.
【Abstract】 Objective To establish the monitoring system and network of the vector and know the flies density dynamics and its population distribution in the early reconstruction after earthquake in Shifang city. Methods The fly density and its population composition were monitored in tents, removable house, trash can, toilet and hospitals by cage trapping method in 5 towns in Shifang city. Results The flies caught mainly belonged to 3 species，6 genera. Of which, Chrysomya megacephala was the dominant specie, accounting for 56.0% of the total. In monitored 5 township (town), the density of fly was higher in Luoshui town and Yinghua town, with the density of 358.0 individuals/cage and 91.7 individuals/cage , and the density of flies in Mazu town was the lowest with the density of 13.0 individuals/cage. Conclusion This investigation primarily knew the flies density and its population composition after earthquake in Shifang and filled a gaps in this area, which could provided the basis for the prevention and control of flies.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate control effect of flies in temporary shelters of post-earthquake disaster areas and to provide the science evidence for its control. Methods Manage environmental sanitation and spray periodically insecticide to control flies in temporary shelters. Investigate fly population by cage-trap method, monitor flies density by eye balling method in washrooms, trash piles(cans), inside and outside of tents, and survey the management of flies breeding sites and prevention and control measure of civilians by field observation. Results Houseflies was the dominant species （96.85%） in the temporary shelters. The average fly density was less than one fly/m2 around temporary shelters after the earthquake for 4-8 weeks. At the fifth week post-earthquake, all the shelters were equipped with washroom. About 76.92% trash containers were equipped, and 69.23% of domestic garbage were cleaned up and transported away without delay. 94.01% of food-leavings was covered, and 93.00% of tableware was deposited in the cupboard. Conclusion It was effective to take the integrated pest management measures to control flies in the temporary shelters. The control of breeding sites should be strengthened in the future.
【Abstract】 Objective To assay the toxicities of deltermethrin and cypermethrin to male, female adults and the first, third, fifth instar nymphae of Blattella germanica, and to provide the effective instruction for chemical control of B.germanica. Methods The insecticide films in jar was used in this study. Results There was significant difference for the tolerance of B.germanica to deltamethrin and cypermethrin among different instars and different sexes. The tolerance of the first instar nymphae to deltamethrin and cypermethrin was the lowest with the KT50 values of 7.1743 min and 10.0015 min respectively. The KT50 of the fifth instar nymphae to these two chemicals were 14.1624 min and 24.6041 min respectively, highest in all the instars. The tolerance level of nymphae increased gradually with the development of instars. The tolerance level of male adults was higher than that of female adults. The KT50 of male adults to the two tested chemicals were 9.6157 min and 11.7492 min respectively. Conclusion The KT50 of the fifth instar nymphae to deltermethrin and cypermethrin was the highest. The KT50 of male adults to deltermethrin and cypermethrin was higher than that of female adults.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of meteorological factors on rats density by Response surface methodology（RSM） based on correlation and regression analysis. Methods The meteorological factors and rats density were monitored continuously. A response surface model was made by the correlation and regression analysis of them. Results Linear regression analysis（P＜0.030）indicated that monthly average minimum temperature， sunshine time and precipitation were the main influence factors， and the multiple correlation coefficient was 0.716. However， RSM suggested that monthly average minimum temperature（P＝0.003）, precipitation square（P＝0.059）， interaction of monthly minimum temperature and sunshine（P＝0.027） affected mostly the density of rats， and its multiple correlation coefficient was 0.761. Conclusion The effect of meteorological factors on the rats density could be evaluated by RSM model. This model was superior to linear regression model. The effect of meteorological factors on rats density was resulted from multiple factors and their interaction.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of holding periods of bromadiolone powder and pure liquid on its control efficacy. Methods The production dates of bromadiolone powder were 1995 and 1999, and that of bromadiolone pure liquid were 1995 and 2000, respectively. Each of them was diluted into 0.005% bromadiolone baits. Six rats and mice were selected randomly to do no-choice experiment in the lab. Results The mortality of the tested rats and mice was 100%. The longest survival times of rats and mice were 7 days and 13 days, respectively. There was no significant difference between them（rats：χ2＝0.43, P＝0.934；mice: χ2＝7.07, P＝0.070）. Bromadiolone powder and pure liquid was still effective after storage for 5-10 years. Conclusion The control efficacy of bromadiolone powder and liquid did not change within 10 years at the optimum storage condition.
【Abstract】 Objective To test the control efficacy of different chemicals to Culex pipiens pallens. Methods The methods of laboratory efficacy test for aerosol and simulated field efficacy test were used in this study. Results KT50 values of seven aerosols to Cx.pipiens pallens was 1.30-4.40 min, and the mortality rate was about 95.0%-100% after treatment for 24 h. The knockdown rate and the mortality rate were all within 93.0%-100% after treatment in the simulated field for 1h and 24 h. The control efficacy of seven chenmicals accorded with the national standards, but there was still more significant difference among them. Conclusion The control efficacy of 0.05% tetramethrin·cypermethrin was the best, which had the characteristics of fast knockdown, high mortality and low cost.
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the value of isozyme zymograms in the classification of blackflies and accumulate basic biochemical data for the study of phylogenesis. Methods EST isozymes of three blackfly species were studied by discontinuous PAGE techniques. Results Ten isozyme bands could be identified according to the electrophoresis zymograms. The differences of zymograms were significant between three blackfly species and each species had its own special zymogram. The main band among intraspecific individuals or between the larvae and pupae was alike， however， other enzyme bands were different. Conclusion EST isozyme zymograms could be used as one of the classification characteristics of blackflies.
【Abstract】 A specimen of Dichaetomyia corrugicerca ♂ was collected from Shanghai Jiangwan airport on October 2006. It was a new record in Shanghai area. The morphological characters of this species were described, and some simple statements were also given about the typical characteristics, larvae morphology, biology and distribution of the genus.
【Abstract】 Objective To illustrate the similarity， transitional tendency and classification of gamasid mite communities in the surrounding areas of Biluoxueshan in Weixi county of Yunnan province. Methods System clustering analysis was used in this study. Results In 1560 small mammals captured， the dominant species of mites from Apodemus draco， Eothenomys miletus， Niviventer confucianus， Ap.chevrieri, Ap.peninsulae, Rattus norvegicus and R.tanezumi were Laelaps jingdongensis（Dr＝41.32）, L.chin（Dr＝41.87）, L.traubi （Dr＝63.51） and L.turkestanicus （Dr＝24.78）, L.traubi（Dr＝18.82）, Eulaelaps huzhuensis（Dr＝14.11） and L.chin（Dr＝11.76）, E.huzhuensis（Dr＝25.00）, E.huzhuensis（Dr＝23.61） and Haemogamasus oliviformis（Dr＝16.67）, Ornithonyssus bacoti（Dr＝71.73） and O.bacoti（Dr＝98.82）, respectively. The result of system clustering analysis indicated that there was prominent similarity between the gamasid mite from R.norvegicus and R.tanezumi, secondly it was the similarity among the mites from Ap.draco, Ap.peninsulae and Ap.chevrieri. Conclusion The taxonomic relations of mite hosts was nearer, the communities similarity of gamasid mite was higher. The habits distribution of hosts had an effect on communities type of parasitic gamasid mite.
【Abstract】 Objective To know about West Nile virus （WNV） in mosquitoes during 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, and prevent and control West Nile fever. Methods Mosquitoes were collected by CO2 lamp trapping method. Two methods, ADAPCO’s Ramp System and MAS’s VecTest Kits, were used to detect WNV in mosquitoes. Results Compared with 2006 and 2007, the density of main vectors decreased significantly in 2008. Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant specie of mosquito, which constituted ratio reached 96.94% in Beijing Olympic venues. There were 22 275 mosquitoes captured in Beijing Olympic venues that all were negative by detection. Conclusion Mosquitoes were controlled effectively in 2008 Olympic Games. No WNV?positive mosquitoes were detected.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the relationships of meteorological factors, animal host and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS） incidence, and construct mathematical model for the forecast of HFRS. Methods Firstly, air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, sunshine duration and sunshine percentage were selected from all meteorological factors of Huludao city. Secondly, Pearson, Kendall and Spearman correlation analyses were used to describe the relationships among meteorological factors, animal host situation including rodent density and viral carriage of rodents and HFRS incidence. Thirdly, Bayesian discrimination analysis (BDA) was adopted to forecast HFRS incidence on the premise of meteorological factors and animal host formation as explanatory variables. Results There was the close relation between rodent density and annual HRFS incidence(r＝0.738, P＝0.000), and the rodent density was also influenced by sunshine duration, sunshine percentage and precipitation. A positive correlation was found between rodent density and sunshine time(r＝0.494, P＝0.016), and the correlation between rodent density and precipitation was negative(r＝-0.350, P＝0.101). The step wise BDA and all variables discrimination analysis had all good effect on the forecasting of HFRS based on meteorological factors and animal host data. The accuracy rate of fitting and leave?one?out (LOO) cross-validation of stepwise BDA all reached 82.6%(19/23) , however, that of fitting of all variables BDA was 90.9%(20/22) and 81.8%(18/22) for LOO cross-validation. For next year incidence prediction, the accuracy rates of fitting and LOO cross-validation step-wise were all 86.4%(19/22) for step-wise BDA, while for all variables BDA, its accuracy rate of fitting was 100%(21/21) and that of LOO cross-validation was 57.1%(12/21). Conclusion HFRS incidence was related to animal epidemic situation which was influenced by meteorological factors. Stepwise BDA offered useful information in the discrimination and forecasting of HFRS incidence, which had a good application in the future.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the influence factors in areas where rabies raged in Guizhou province, and provide the evidence for the establishment of focused intervention measure suitable for the rural areas. Methods A multistage sampling method was used in this study and all the data were analyzed by Excel 2003 after logging data with Epi Data. Results In recent years, the incidence of rabies in Zhenning county was very serious. The incidence rates of rabies in 2005 and 2006 were 6.16/10 thousand and 5.19/10 thousand respectively, which mainly caused by bite of dogs. Because of the large number of the dogs, the injury rate of the crowd was also higher. It was 6.47% in 2006, and there was significant difference between exposure rate of students （10.58%） and that of farmers （5.05%）（χ2＝36.57, P＜0.001）. About 31.40% exposed crowd were not done the medical treatment, and 35.41% exposed crowd without inoculation rabies vaccines, only 4.26% of Ⅲ° exposed crowd with rabies immunoglobulin. Villagers knew less about the knowledge of rabies prevention and control. Conclusion The main factors leading to the rage of rabies were large number of dogs, low immunization rate of the crowd, high exposure rate of the public and low treatment rate of exposed crowd in the investigated districts.
【Abstract】 Objective To understand the situation of the reservoir hosts and vectors infected by Borrelia burgdorferi, the distribution of the reservoir hosts and the seasonal fluctuation of ticks in Miyun area. Methods Ticks were caught with flag method, which were identified by Inverted microscope. The night trapping method was used to catch rats. The pathogen from ticks and rodents was isolated with BSKⅡculture. The nested PCR was used to do etiological detection. The antibody of B.burgdorferi from goat serum was tested by indirect immunofluorescence. Results Ticks caught in Miyun area were all Haemaphysalis longicornis, which growth curve was obviously seasonal. The rate of ticks bearing pathogen was 10.16% after detection by nested PCR. Apodemus agrarius and Niniventer confucianus were the dominant species in the area, and the rate of rodents bearing pathogen was 4.26%. The positive rate of goats stocked in the local was 12.00%. Conclusion The specific fragment of B.burgdorferi was found in ticks and rodents, which showed that Miyun area maybe one of the epidemic focus of Lyme disease.
【Abstract】 Objective To grasp the epidemic situation of malaria in Hubei province and consolidate the achievement of prevention and control. Methods The present status of malaria epidemic and its change situation were analyzed by collecting malaria data from 1994 to 2007. Results Incidence cases of malaria decreased from 4527 cases in 1994 to 1769 cases in 2007, down about 60.92%. Malaria epidemic situation continuously fluctuated during 14 years, and sometime it broke out in the parts. The annual average incidence rate of malaria was 13 per million in the epidemic area transmitted by Anopheles sinensis, and 199 per million in the areas transmitted by Anopheles anthropophagus. Over 80% cases focused on the areas transmitted by An.anthropophagus where its population only accounted for 26.37% of total population. Conclusion There was a great change of malaria distribution and epidemic situation in Hubei province. It should put the emphasis on the control of malaria especially the epidemic area transmitted by An. anthropophagus in the future.
【Abstract】 Objective To understand the objective level of the bacterial embolus forming of the fleas （Citellophilus tesquorum altaicus） after its hibernation. Methods C. tesquorum altaicus hungered for 3 d were fed with the dying mice infected by Yersina pestis on September 28, 2006, and no blood-sucking fleas were removed. Four hundred and thirteen infected fleas were put into the deepfreez at 2 to 4 ℃ and relative humidity （RH） 75%-85%. The infected fleas were taken out from refrigerator on April 6, 2007, and sucked blood from non-infected mouse one time. Then they were put into the incubator at 20 to 22 ℃ and RH 75%-85%. They were fed for 0.5-1 h at one day intervals. The forming of bacterial embolus was observed by microscope. Results There were 235 C.tesquorum altaicus alive after hibernation, and nine fleas formed the bacterial embolus, which the forming rate of bacterial embolus was 3.83% （9/235）. Conclusion The forming rate of bacterial embolus of the fleas carrying the plague to over-winter was obviously lower than that of the fleas in the active stage （13.8%）, which might be related to fleas diapause at the disadvantage environment and the situation that some fleas got rid off plague or the plague quantity carried by fleas decreased, less than 102 to 104.
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Zhejiang province for establishing pertinent prevention strategy. Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was applied for the analysis of epidemic situation. The antibody in the serum of HFRS patients was detected by indirect immunoflorscence method, and the HV antigen in the rodent lung was assayed by direct immunoflorscence method. Results There were 757 cases in the whole province in 2007, mainly distributed in Ningbo, Shaoxing, Taizhou, Lishui and Quzhou, accounting for about 86.79% of the total （657/757）. There were two incidence peaks in summer, winter and spring. Most of the cases were young and middle?aged peasants. Conclusion The incidence rate of HFRS in Zhejiang province has been stable in recent years, but it was still high in some counties and cities. Therefore, the prevention and control of HFRS in the main epidemic areas should be strengthened.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the technique to control rodents in sewers of urban residential areas. Methods Contrast experiment was done in urban residential areas of Wuhan city. Wax block baits was hanged in the sewers according to operating instruction for 6 weeks in the tested areas, while no control measure was taken in the control. The infestation rate of rodents was investigated in the sewer before and after taking control measure. Results The average rodent density was 68.5% in the tested areas and control areas before controlling, however, that in the tested areas reached 96.4% after control for 6 weeks, and the relative population index was 3.1. Conclusion It is effective to control rodent according to the operational instruction in the residential areas.
【Abstract】 Objective To grasp the community structure and quantity fluctuation of rat?shape mammals and provide the scientific basis for the evaluation and control of the mammals. Methods Rat?shape mammals were captured by night trapping method along the washland of the “Three?rivers” in Leshan city from September 2007 to August 2008. Results There were four species of rate?shape mammals. Among them, Anourosorex squamipes(49.55%) and Apodernus agrarius(45.34%) were the dominant species, Crocidura shantungensis(3.60%) was the common species, and Rattus norvegicus(0.90%) was the rare species. Seen from the quantity fluctuation of rat?shape mammals, there were two peaks in the whole year. One was in July and the other was October, but the peak value of the former was prominently higher than the latter. In winter and spring, the quantity basically maintained a lower level. And then, it began to go up quickly in June. By and large, the quantity fluctuation of the two dominant species also accorded with the rule. Conclusion An.squamipes and Ap.agrarius were the main targets to prevent and control.
【Abstract】 Objective To understand the population composition and seasonal fluctuation of fleas parasitized on Rattus tanezumi in Leizhou city. Methods R.tanezumi were captured in selected districts of Leizhou city from 1985 to 2004. Fleas were collected from their body surface and identified to count the flea index and its composition proportion. Results A total of 1721 R.tanezumi were caught, and about 2345 fleas belonged to 4 species were collected. Among them, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leplopsylla segnis were the dominant species, the average index of them were 1.24 and 0.12, and the proportion of them were 91.13% and 8.66%, respectively. The index and composition proportion of Pulex irritans and Ctenocephalides felis felis were very low. Conclusion R.tanezumi was the dominant host of X.cheopis and L.segnis. The number of X.cheopis increased year by year, but that of L.segnis decreased year after year.
【Abstract】 Objective To master the fly species and population composition at Beijing port and provide scientific evidence for fly control. Methods The baited fly traps method was used in this study. Results There were 30 species, 16 genera, 5 families of flies captured from April to November of 2006 and 2007. The annual average fly density was 59.7 flies/(cage ·day). There were two peaks, one was in May and the other was in September. Conclusion It was important to clean out the breeding sites for the control of flies at Beijing port.
【Abstract】 Objective In order to grasp the dynamic regularity of the population distribution and seasonal fluctuation of cockroach in Jilin province. Methods Sticky paper to trap cockroach was used in the surveillance. Results According to the surveillance results, Blattella germanica was the dominant species, accounting for 95%. However, the population density of Periplaneta americana was very low. There were two active peaks in the whole year, one was in March, the other was between July and September. Conclusion B.germanica was the dominant species in Jilin, so it should put the emphasis on its control in the future.
【Abstract】 Carry out the plague prevention and control measures, increase the emergency handing ability of professionals, prevent and control effectively the occurrence of plague and assure the public health security of country according to the epidemic situation of plague in Hebei province trend and its geographic position by making the plague integrated control measure, publicizing the knowledge of killing rats, the evaluation of control efficacy, professionals training and actual simulated training.
