ISSN 1003-8280 CN 10-1522/R 中国疾病预防控制中心 主办
【Abstract】 Objective To assess the killing efficacy of three photosensitizers such as rose bengal（RB）, erythrosin B and α-terthiophe to the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes albopictus in the laboratory and the field. Methods The number of dead larvae was recorded after application of RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen at different illumination conditions, and experimental parameters affecting photoinsecticidal was analyzed. The toxicity mechanism of RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen was studied by histochemistry method. Results RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen showed less activity in dark . The killing effect to larvae could reach 100% using 10 or 25 μg/ml RB and 100 or 150 μg/ml erythrosin B after exposed to 320×102 lx of light intensity generated by daylight lamp (100 W) for 6 h. The killing effect of α-terthiophen also achieved 100% at the concentration of 1 μg/ml after exposure to moderate or low intensity sunlight for 5 h. Erythrosin B and α-terthiophen was applied to control Ae.albopictus larvae in the clear water or muddy water of the field respectively. The result showed the killing rates of RB and α-terthiophen were 46% and 49% in the muddy water body, and 67% and 89% in the clear water body. However, that of α-terthiophen reached 98% in the above mentioned water body after continuously exposed to strong sunlight. Severe pathological damage of larvae caused by RB,erythrosin B and α-terthiophen were observed with optical microscopic. The damage were as follows: villus of midgut disappeared, midgut cells swell and cell nucleus disappeared. Fat body widely distributed under the epidermis and the shape of malpighian tubes was abnormal and its lumens narrowed. Conclusion RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen are high?efficiency and applied photo-insecticides.
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effect of frozen storage on non-specific esterase (NSE) activity of Culex pipiens pallens and provide a basis for the generalization and application of insecticide-resistance detection of mosquito by biochemical method. Methods The NSE activity of single mosquito was determined based on β-naphthalene acetic acid ester (β-naphthyl acetate, β-NA) as substrate and solid blue B salt (fast blue B salt) as developer. Results The NSE activity of DDVP-resistant strain was obviously higher than that of susceptible strain. For the A value of NSE activity from Cx.pipiens pallens after frozen for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at -20 ℃, the F value of 4 instar larvae of susceptible strain mosquito was 0.7642 by the complete randomized design variance comparison and the F value of 3-day-old adult female of susceptible strain mosquito was 0.7452. The F value of 4 instar larvae of DDVP resistant strain mosquito was 0.1092, and the F value of 3-day-old adult female of DDVP-resistant strain mosquito was 0.1521. All of the P value were greater than 0.05 and no significant difference was found. Conclusion There was no difference between on the NSE activity of 4 instar larvae and 3-day-old adult female of Cx.pipiens pallens after frozen for 28 days, and mosquitoes collected from the field could be taken to the lab for batch determination.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the evaluation methods of larvicides registration and field test. Methods Larvae were collected from breeding sites in the external environment or adult mosquitoes were trapped to oviposit in man-made areas. Results The relative population index (RPI) of larvae from breeding sites was under 5 after treatment by 1% temephos granules for 4 weeks, which had a good control effect. RPI of larvae from wasted tyres was also less than 5 after treatment for 4 weeks, while it was under 10 after treatment for 3 weeks in cement pool. Conclusion The field control effect and registration of quick-acting insecticides could be evaluated by the above mentioned two methods.
【Abstract】 Objective To ascertain the breeding and distribution situation of Aedes albopictus in the northern of Liaoning province. Methods Mosquito larvae were investigated by container investigation method and ovum-trap method, and adult mosquito by man-trap method. Results Ae.albopictus only distributed in Chaoyang city. The container index of mosquito larvae was 13.54%. The index of houses was 3.24%. The index of Breaut was 0.53. The highest destiny of mosquitoes was 11.0 /man· hour. Conclusion Ae.albopictus only distributes in Chaoyang city and Dalian city. The northwest boundary of the distribution is in Chaoyang city. Ae.albopictus in Liaoning province mainly comes from other provinces. Whether Ae.albopictus can overwinter in Liaoning or not need to be studied further.
【Abstract】 Objective To understand the ectoparasite communities in a population of Eothenomys miletus in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake and describe the importance of them in the medicinel and veterinary. Methods Investigation sites were randomly selected at different direction of surrounding areas of Erhai Lake in Yunnnan. Small mammals were captured by live traps with baits. The live traps were examined and the baits were changed each morning. Trapped small mammals were brought to the laboratory to identify according to their body shape, size and color, and some measurements such as body length, ear length and hind feet length, and ectoparasites were collected. Ectoparasites were identified under a microscope after mounting, clearity and desiccation. The constituent ratio (C), prevalence (P) and average ectoparasite abundance (A) were used to reflect the prevalence and density of ectoparasites. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to test differences in the abundance and richness of ectoparasites between female and male hosts. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between ectoparasites and the body parameters of hosts. Results There were 916 E.miletus caught. Of which, a total of 756 were infested by ectoparasite, and the infestation rate was 83%. A total of 86 species of ectoparasite were collected, including 51 species of chigger mite, 23 species of gamasid mite, 7 species of flea and 5 species of sucking louse. Seventeen species were proved to be the main vectors of human disease. Conclusion There was very high diversity of ectoparasites parasitized on E.miletus, and some species had been reported to be associated with human disease. E.miletus could be a natural reservoir of plague bacilli, epidemic haemorrhagic fever (korean haemorrhagic fever) viruses and scrub typhus.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the control effect of cashew nut shell liquid（CNSL） and anacardic acid from CNSL to Oncomelania hupensis, and provide the basis for the application of CNSL. Methods The mixture of anacardic acid was obtained by separating extracts by silica gel column. The molluscicidal activities of CNSL and the mixture of anacardic acid against O.hupensis were tested according to laboratory molluscicidal test method recommended by WHO. Results The purity of anacardic acid extracted by silica gel column was 89.32%. The LC50 values of CNSL and anacardic acid mixture to snails were 0.831 mg/L and 0.523 mg/L after treatment for 48 hours, and the LC90 values were 2.180 mg/L and 1.439 mg/L respectively. The inhibition rates of CNSL and anacardic acid to up?climbing of snails were 16.7% and 13.3% at the concentration of 2 mg/L, respectively. When the concentration was all 2 mg/L. However, when the concentration exceeded 4 mg/L，the up?climb rate was zero. Conclusion It is very effective for CNSL to control snails, and anacardic acids is the main active ingredient. CNSL, as plant molluscicide, will be widely used in the control of snails.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of high temperature on antibacterial activity of antibacterial substances induced in the larvae of house fly by pricking. Methods The induced hemolymph was bathed at 100 ℃ for 10 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 80 ℃ and 60 ℃ for 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, then solved in the buffer solution of Na2HPO4?KH2PO4(1/15 mol/L，pH 6.5) and centrifuged, the supernatant was used to test the bacteriostasic efficiency to Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Results Diameter of antibacterial ring against M.lysodeikticus decreased along with the increase of bath time at both 100 ℃ and 80 ℃. No antibacterial ring against S.aureus was found after bathed at 100 ℃ for 1 min or 80 ℃ for 3 min. Diameters of antibacterial ring were similar after bathed at 60 ℃ for different time against both M.lysodeikticus and S.aureus. Conclusion It suggested that the antibacterial activity of antibacterial substance induced by pricking in the house fly was stable against high temperature in a certain extent. Antibacterial activity weakened along with the increase of bath time at 100 ℃ and 80 ℃, and no obvious change after bathed at 60 ℃ for 10 s-10 min.
【Abstract】 Objective To study effect of animal dung on the growing development of Musca domestica. Methods M.domestica larvae were reared with animal dung, development period of M.domestica larvae, pupae weight and emergence rate were recorded. Results The weight of M.domestica pupae rearing with chicken dung was the heaviest, about 0.032 g, and the emergence rate and the larva development time were 70% and 7.4 days, respectively. There was no significant difference for pupae weight and larva development time between chicken dung and other dung, but significant difference in the emergence rate (P＝0.022). The larva development time prolonged with the increase of rearing density of M.domestica larvae and height of animal dung. There were different among pupae periods, and the pupal weights decreased with the increase of the time of pupation under the condition of different larvae densities and animal dung height. There was no significant difference in the pupal weights reared with different animal dung at different larvae densities, but the emergence rate of housefly adult was affected. The same as pupae weight, the emergence rate decreased with the increase of the animal dung height. Conclusion The optimization conditions of M.domestica larvae was reared with chicken dung at 30 ℃ and 4-6 cm height.
【Abstract】 Objective To verify the effect of simvastatin on the population dynamics of Blattella germanica. Methods Two groups of B.germanica were reared with feedstuff containing 0.001% simvastatin and common feed, respectively. The population quantity of different development stages of B.germanica and their constitution ratio were investigate after breeding for different time. Results The quantity of adult cockroaches with oothecae in the tested group reduced gradually after treatment for two months, six months and eight months, respectively. Accordingly, the quantity of male and female adult cockroach also decreased gradually. The nymphae quantity after treated for four months was two times than that after treatment for two months. However, it decreased rapidly in the sixth month, and the quantity of female adults and adults with oothecae reduced to zero in the eighth month. The quantity of male adults and nymphae was 2 and 15, respectively. The quantity of adults with oothscae was all higher than the initial number after they were bred with common feed for two months and six months. But in the forth month, it decreased a little compared to the initial number. And, it was basically equal to the initial number in the eighth month. With the decrease of the adults with oothecae, the quantity of male and female adults also reduced gradually. Similar to the tested group, the nymphae quantity in the control group was the highest after breeding for four month, and then it gradually decreased. In the eighth month, there were 78 nymphae, 5 adult cockroaches with oothacae, 8 female adults and 12 male adults. Conclusion B.germanica would lose the capability of its population restoration after breeding with feed containing 0.001% simvastatin for eighth months.
【Abstract】 Objective The species of rodents was investigated along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in representative areas where Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) might be distributed in Tibetan Autonomous Region. Methods Rodents were trapped by snap trap, live trap and glue boards in different habitats in Lhasa, Nagqu and Nyingchi. The rodents captured were identified, then the densities and population constitutes of them were calculated. Results A total of 126 rodents were captured with 1817 snap traps. R.norvegicus did not be captured in the areas investigated. R.tanezumi was the dominant specie in Lhasa and Nyingchi, accounting for 84.1% and 70.0% respectively, while Mus musculus in Nagqu accounted for 98.1%. Conclusion The dominant species of rodents are R.tanezumi and M.musculus in the residential areas investigated, and no R.norvegicus was found.
【Abstract】 Objective To monitor the population density and seasonal fluctuation of rodents in different residential areas of Hebei province. Methods The night trapping method and powder trace method were used in this study. Results There were 6 species caught, belonging to 2 families 4 genera. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species (60.99%). Mus musculus, Apodemus agrarius, Tscherskia triton and Cricetulus barabensis followed with it, accounting for 25.30%, 9.38%, 2.89% and 0.48% respectively. The dominant species were different in different districts. The results showed that the peaks of population density were in April and October. Different surveillance methods were used in Langfang, and the average population density of rodents was 0.87% by night trapping method, but it was only 3.36% by powder trace method. It was 0.83% and 0.67% in Tangshan and Shijiazhuang, respectively. The population density in the country was higher than that in the town. Conclusion R.norvegicus is the main control target in Hebei province.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate species composition and ecological habits of rodents from China-Russia frontiers of Heilongjiang province. Methods The live traps and snap traps were used in this study. Results A total of 3461 rodents were caught in five cities of China-Russia frontiers, belonging to 3 families 8 genera 11 species. The dominant specie was Apodemus agraius (58.3%). Mus musculus was the dominant species in the indoor, accounting for 75.9%, and Ap.agraius in the field (43.4%). The species composition of rodent varied with habitats, places and months. During active seasons, there were 2 peaks for rodents in the shrubberies and broadleaf woods, 2 peaks for Ap.agraius and Ap.speciosus in the field, and only one peak for M.musculus and Rattus norvegicus in the residential areas. Conclusion The investigation provided the evidence for the further study on ecology and control of rodents at China-Russia frontier of Heilongjiang province.
【Abstract】 Objective To guide the vector control after earthquake by hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) system. Methods Vector control was carried out according to seven process of HACCP system. The seven processes were as follows: hazard analysis, critical control point, critical limit, critical limit evaluation, corrective measure, certification program and records and files. Results Nine critical control points (CCP) were confirmed. The main vectors needed to control were flies and Phlebotomus chinensis. The environments around the corpuses, life garbage and lavatories should be preferred to be treated. Critical limits (CL) were established according to the CCPs. Eight CLs was rectified. Ten records and files were established. At the temporary garbage site and the human excrement place, malodor decreased by 50%-100%, and the flies density also declined to 87.5%-100%. The killing rate to P.chinensis was 100%. The health level of temporary lavatories accorded with National Class Ⅲ. Epidemiology investigation showed the incidence rate of disease was lower in 2008 than that in 2005 and 2007 respectively. Most importantly, the vector?borne diseases did not occur. Conclusion Application of HACCP system in the vector control at the earthquake disaster areas provides a case for disease control in unexpected public health event and natural disaster in the future.
【Abstract】 Objective To summarize the successful experience and disadvantage for Beijing Olympic Game by analyzing the integrated vector management (IVM) strategy in green homeland media village. Methods The integrated management measure was used in this study in which the principles like “devoting main efforts into source reduction, putting chemical control first and combining physical control with environment management”. Results Random investigation showed that above 80% people selected no vectors or seldom vectors. The density of mosquito and fly declined quickly, and the average densities of them were 18.5/lamp·2 h and 29.4/cage·d, which was little higher than that in the other nuclear areas. Rodent and cockroach density was 0. Conclusion It is essential to define organization, carry out the responsibilities and eliminate the breeding site inside and outside of green homeland media village.
【Abstract】 Objective To understand the population structure and distribution of host animals and fleas in historical flavipectus plague focus in ZheJiang, and to analyze the phenomenon of mixed and cross?channeling between house and wild mouse, so as to provide basic data for plague monitoring. Methods The species diversity of plague hosts and fleas were analyzed based on the monitoring data in 2007-2008. Results There were 3 orders, 4 families, 9 genus and 15 species animals found in historical flavipectus plague epidemic area, and about 4 families, 7genus, 7 species fleas were collected in this areas. Among the host animals, Rattus flavipectus accounted for 13.11%, 36.30% for R.norvegicus, 16.49% for Apodemus agrarius and 17.39% for Suncus murinus. The fleas in those host were 32.91%, 42.20%, 14.56% and 0.74%, respectively. Leptopsylla segnis was the dominant species with the proportion of 64.34%. Monopsyllus anisus was 19.87% and Xenopsylla cheopis was 9.64%. The species diversity between host animals and fleas was significant difference. The index of species diversity was higher(H＞1), the population quantity of host animals was more stable. Conclusion The quantity and species of host animals were very rich. The cross?channeling phenomenon between house and wild mouse was obvious. Some fleas can parasitize many species of rodents, which will cause a serious threaten to human once the plague prevailed among rodents occurs. Presently, the reliability of surveillance data in some surveillance sites can not be ensured, and the species of animal was also singular.
【Abstract】 Objective To quantify the burden of Borrelia burgdorferi in different representative tissues from the murine host by real time quantitative PCR(Q-PCR). Methods Low-passage B.burgdorferi was cultivated to logarithmic growth phase, and diluted to a concentration of 1×105/ml for experimental use. To establish a B.burgdorferi-infected murine model, mice were injected 100 μl diluted culture intradermally in the back. After artificial infection was confirmed, mice were sacrificed at 12 d and 18 d post-infection in CO2 box. Samples from skin, joint, heart and urine bladder were collected aseptically and frozen at -80 ℃, and total DNA was extracted. B.burgdorferi flaB was quantified by Q-PCR. Data were analyzed statistically to determine if bacterial burdens in various tissues showed a significant difference. Results spirochete burden was the highest in the urine bladder, medium in the skin and joint, lowest in the heart. Conclusion There was significant difference among spirochete burden in various tissues. Spirochete burden in the tissue was not positively related to the severity of this tissue.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the method to identify Brucella suis biovar 1 wild strain and S2 vaccine strain. Methods A total of 21 strains of B.suis biovar 1 wild strain were analyzed by AMOS-PCR, PFGE and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Results B.suis biovar 1 and S2 could be discriminated by MLVA Bru9 and Bru16. Conclusion The MLVA assay can be applied to identification of wild strains and vaccine strain and can be proposed to as a complement of classical biotyping methods.
【Abstract】 Objective Master prevalent situation and effective control measure of malaria in Hubei province. Methods The prevalent situation and control measure of malaria was analyzed by collecting the data of prevention, field investigation and surveillance of malaria and the net?reporting of malaria epidemic situation. Results There were 1769 cases of malaria in 2007 in Hubei including 1721 local cases, accounting for 97.29% and 48 exported cases (34 cases of vivax and 14 cases of falciparum), accounting for 2.71%. There were 1769 reported cases of malaria and the cure rate reached 100%. In the rest period of malaria, there were 8345 people cured who had the malaria infection history or were risk population. And the cure rate was 95.47%. There were 22 731 people taking preventive medicine, accounting for 84.17%. Thirty seven cases of malaria were found among 2497 people by field interview investigation. Of which, all the cases were cured including 36 cases cured regularly. And the regular cure rate was 97.30%. Thirty six cases were reported and one case failed to report. There were 79 cases reported in malaria monitoring sites in 2007 (28.01/ten thousand), decreasing by 14.13% compared with 2006 (92 cases). The average biting rate of Anopheles sinensis was 8.26/person·night in 2007, increasing by 102% compared with 2006 (4.08 /person·night). The average biting rate of An.anthropophagus was 0.30/person·night in 2007, up 15.38% compared with 0.26/person·night in 2006. Conclusion The incidence of local malaria is basically stable, while the quantity of exported cases increases. It is effective to root up infection source.
【Abstract】 Objective To provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) by investigating and analyzing its epidemic characteristics in 2007. Methods The prevalent situation of HFRS was summarized and analyzed, and host animals were monitored. Results A total of 372 HFRS cases were reported, 2 in deaths. The incidence rate was 0.54/100 000 and the mortality rate was 0.54%. All the cases were distributed in 101 counties (cities, districts), which mainly focused in Qinhuangdao and Tangshan. The peak was in spring and summer. The susceptible population was mainly the young and middle?aged, and the ratio of male to female was 2.84∶1. The incidence rate of peasants amounted for 69.09%. The rat density in the residential area was 2.21%, and the rate of carrying hanta virus was 1.77%. And the density in the field was 1.17%, and the rate of carrying hanta virus was 1.42%. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species. Conclusion The incidence of HFRS accorded with the epidemic characteristics of Rattus type, and the control emphasis was put in the Qinhuangdao and Tangshan. Accordingly, it should take the integrated management measure in key areas to control the prevalence of HFRS.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the difference of Hantavirus genotype among rats at Changchun Longjia international airport. Methods From Apr. 2006 to Mar. 2007, rodents were captured by snap trap (mouse clamp). Samples were detected by direct immunofluorescence technique. The partial M fragments were amplified with nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using Hantavirus genotype-specific primers, and its sequence was analyzed. Results There were 195 mice captured, and about 10 mice took the Hantavirus. There were 4 Hantaan viruses and 6 Seoul viruses. Nucleotide sequence homology analysis showed that there was some mutation in the Hantavirus and no found new sub-genotype. Conclusion There are Hantaan viruses and Seoul viruses at Changchun Longjia international airport, which is valuable for the prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
【Abstract】 Objective To establish the control measure of plague in Hebei, and provide science evidence for the early warning of plague epidemic situation. Methods The data of mice plague outbreak collected from the plague nature foci was analyzed. Results The epidemic characteristics and epidemic regularity of plague were clarified. Conclusion Epidemic of plague had the characteristics of sudden occurrence, wide epidemic range, great intensity, the obvious increase of main hosts quantity and the trend expanding to town and impacted areas.
【Abstract】 Objective To find out the epidemic characteristic and trend of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in 2007, and to provide the evidence for its prevention and control. Methods The surveillance data of epidemic situation of HFRS among human and its host was analyzed. Results The incidence rate of HFRS was 6.13 per 100 000 in Anyi in 2007, higher in May-June and November-December, accounting for 81.25% of the total. The silent infection rate was 21.00%, and no death case was reported. There were 207 rats belonged to 7 specie caught, of which, Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in resident areas and Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in the field. The rate of mice with virus was 1.49% and the species with virus was Mus musculus in resident areas. The positive rate of antibody in rat blood was 12.08%. Conclusion The HFRS in Anyi accorded with the epidemic characteristic of mixed-type epidemic area in which house mouse dominants. The incident rate rose quickly in 2007. It should strengthen continuously the surveillance of epidemic situation and carry out the measure of killing rodent and immunization to reduce the incidence rate of HFRS.
【Abstract】 Analyze and summarize the vector control after natural disaster because of the occurrence of natural disaster especially flood in the Yangtze River Valley and Guangdong province in recent years. Explain the characteristics of the occurrence of vectors like mosquitoes, flies and rats and the disease transmission during the floods disaster, and bring forward the principle of vector control and emergence control measures in floods. After flood disaster, carry out immediately the publication and education on disaster relief and disease prevention, mobilize the public to do the environmental hygiene, clean up timely trash and excrement to reduce the habitat of insects and rats. The above mentioned were the basic measures to control vectors in floods disaster. However, the key measures to realize no epidemic situation after big disasters were to kill promptly the flies, mosquitoes and rats and decrease quickly the densities of vectors. Evaluate effectively the control efficiency of vector control in floods disaster, and avoid the waste of the drugs and the pollution of the environment.
【Abstract】 Objective Observe the control effect of brodifacoum fish sausage poison bait to skunks. Methods The palatability and killing effect of brodifacoum fish sausage poison bait to skunk were tested in the field trials. Results The loss rates of baits ranged from 6.38% to 10.46% after treatment for 1 and 2 days, and that was zero at the fifth days. The density of skunks was 2.08%-7.04% before treatment for 7 days monitored by snap traps. And that was zero after treatment for 7 days. Conclusion The palatability of skunks to brodifacoum fish sausage poison bait is good and its killing rate reaches 100%. And because of low cost and obtaining easily, it is worthwhile to popularize.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the influence of the Beijing Capital International Airport T3 terminal construction on circumjacent rodent composition and density, and provide the evidence for the rodents control. Methods The night trapping method was used to investigate the rodent composition and density in the representative environments around the T3 terminal construction sites monthly. Results There were 102 rats belonged to three species caught in T3 terminal construction sites. The dominant specie was Mus musculus, accounting for 67.65% of the total. Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius accounted for 21.57% and 10.78%, respectively. There was significant difference in the rodent composition from 2005 to 2008（χ2＝17.24，P＝0.008）, and the average rodent density reduced year after year. Conclusion The construction of T3 terminal led to the change of environment, resulting in change of rodent composition and its density. It should strengthen the surveillance of rodent for the important construction item around its peripheral environment and carry out thoroughly the killing of rodent.
【Abstract】 Objective To grasp the population density and its seasonal fluctuation of primary vectors in Jinhua city，and to provide the scientific basis for the control of vector. Methods The light-trapping and cage-trapping were conducted to monitor the density of mosquitoes and flies respectively, as well as the night trapping and cockroach paste for rats and cockroaches. Results The average density of mosquitoes in Jinhua city was 12.47/(man·hour) from 2005 to 2007, of which, Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant specie, accounting for 94.46%, followed by Armigeres subalbatus (3.65%) and Anopheles sinensis (1.16%). Flies density index was 50.03/cage and Chrysomya megacephala and Lucilia sericata were the dominant species, which accounted for 36.05% and 24.56% respectively. The density of cockroaches was 126.74/100 nights·pages, and the dominant specie was Blattella germanica (97.95%). There were 135 rats caught and the rats density was 0.33%. Of which, the dominant specie was Rattus norvegicus (51.85%). Conclusion The main control targets were Cx.pipiens pallens, Cx.megacephala, L.sericata, B.germanica as well as R.norvegicus in Jinhua city, so it should take the integrated measures to reduce the density of main vectors by firstly managing environment according to the characteristics of its breeding, habits and seasonal fluctuation.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the resistance of housefly, Musca domestica, to four insecticides in Sanmenxia city so as to provide the science evidence for the reasonable use of insecticides. Methods The resistance of house fly was determined by the traditional topical dropping method. Results The resistances ratios （R/S） of housefly to deltamethrin, DDVP, permethrin and Beta-cypermethrin were 120.17, 69.02, 65.91, and 59.78, respectively. Conclusion Housefly had high resistance to four common insecticides, highest to deltamethrin. It suggested that the rotational and mixed use of insecticides could control effectively housefly. The emphasis of housefly control will be put on the environment improvement, and the integrated pest management strategy will be the best effective way to control housefly.
