Objective　To observe and evaluate the palatability and efficacy of α-chlorohydrin rodenticides that causes sterility in male rats in laboratory and the field. Methods　（1） Male adult rats without offspring were fed with 1% α-chlorohydrin wheat baits as the experimental group whilst the control group was fed with normal rat feed. Male and female rats were caged for two weeks in prior to dissection of the females to determine the number of fetuses. （2） The powder trace method was applied to measure the rat density for evaluating the field efficacy of rodent control. Results　With an average coefficient of intake of 0.221, this male sterility?inducing 1% α-chlorohydrin baits caused an averagely 70.7% to 100% reductions of rat fetuses. The on?site rodent control rate reached 84.09%. Conclusion　In addition to remarkable efficacy of rodent control in a laboratory setting, this rodenticide had obvious on?site rodent control effects. However, further improvements of the palatability of wheat?based male?sterilization 1% α-chlorohydrin baits are desired.

Objective　To evaluate the impact Wenchuan earthquake exerted on vectors and vector-borne diseases and identify the species, density dynamics and ecologic patterns, providing scientific basis for the risk assessments of vector-borne diseases. Methods　The density of vectors was monitored using such approaches as cage traps, light traps, visual observation and mist net capture, the species of mosquitoes and flies investigated. Results　Low density of mosquitoes, flies, mice and fleas in the earthquake-stricken areas was identified, clearly below the reference indexes. However, high positive rates of larvae in stool were found. More than 800 mosquitoes and flies were captured, flies belonging to 42 species, 28 genera and 4 families and mosquitoes belonging to 5 species, 3 genera and 1 family. Helicophagella melanura, Mascina stabulans, Musca domestica, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus were dominant species there. Conclusion　Aggregate analysis revealed that vector control was effective and played a key role in preventing the occurrence of major epidemics after the earthquake. However, redundant and inadequate vector control was still noticed. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a long-term effective mechanism in conjunction with comprehensive responding teams for prompt emergency response.

Objective To determine the distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in the Yangtze River Basin within Gansu province, providing the basis for prevention and control of arbovirus-related diseases. Methods Electric mosquito- suction devices and insect-catching nets were employed to capture adult mosquitoes. The captives were classified and subject to virus isolation using cell culture. Serologic and molecular methods were used for virus identification. Results From 2006 to 2009, 10 528 mosquitoes were captured in the Yangtze River Basin, including 30 species of 5 genera. Among them were 5981 Culex tritaeniorhynchus, accounting for 56.81% of the total captives; Armigeres subalbatus, Anopheles sinensis, Cx. pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus accounted for 33.36%, 4.95%, 3.29% and 0.95%, respectively; and unidentified species accounted for 0.64%. A Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a Banna virus (BAV) and 15 unidentified RNA viruses were isolated from the mosquitoes. Conclusion Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the predominant mosquito species in the Yangtze River region within Gansu province. Since the mosquitoes were carrying such arbovirus as JEV and BAV, it should be strengthen the investigation, prevention and control of the related mosquitoes and arboviruses in the region.

　　【Abstract】　Objective　To evaluate common density surveillance methods of rat, mosquito, fly and cockroach. Methods　Different surveillance methods were compared from the sides of monitoring species, monitoring instruments, monitoring data, monitoring areas, and monitoring styles. Results　There are differences in monitoring species, monitoring instruments, data accuracy and the applicability among different methods. Conclusion　The surveillance method should be chosen according to the object of monitoring and practice condition.

Objective To study the taxonomy of Lispini in Fujian province. Methods Morphological taxonomy of the insects was conducted. Results There were 7 species of 2 genera of Lispini found in Fujian province. New records in this province included the genus Xenolispa, together with Lispe pacifica, Lispe bivittata, Xenolispa binotata, and Xenolispa kowarzi. Notes on Xenolispa binotata were renewed. Additionally, a list of and a key to Lispini were established. Conclusion The faunal composition of Lispini in Fujian is enriched.

Dengue fever (DF), widely prevalent in the tropic and subtropic regions, is an important infectious disease transmitted by mosquito biting. With the global climatic warming and rapid development of the tourism and transport industry, the geographic distribution of Aedes aegypti as the major vector of DF virus has changed in China, with the variation of its ecological behaviors occurring in response to the measures long taken for mosquito control. Researches on the relationship between Aedes aegypti and the spreading of dengue virus have showed that both the horizontal and the vertical transmissions are the important patterns for Aedes aegypti to save dengue virus. Aedes aegypti is highly susceptible to dengue virus with a high rate of virus infection. This paper reviews the geographic distribution, ecological behaviors and relationship of Aedes aegypti with DF spreading in China.

　　【Abstract】　Objective　To analyse effect factors of trap method and bait method, and to discuss how to improve the accuracy of surveillance methods. Methods　Two methods combined with powder trace method were used in this study and its effect factors were analyzed. Results　The invalid areas surveyed by bait method accounted for 53%, suggesting that the inducement of sweet potato was very weak. Successful surveillance area accounted for 8% and 67% by trap method and powder?trace method, respectively, showing that the reason leading to the insensitivity of rodent to trap method was its strong repellence to new substance. Conclusion　There are many factors to affect the surveillance of rodent such as the repellence of rodent to new substance, the lure of baits, the abundance of food, the sensitivity of surveillance facility and the layout of surveillance sites. It is good to improve the accuracy of surveillance by single factor analysis.

　　【Abstract】　Cockroaches are the important vectors. The aim of our paper is to understand the biology and ecology of cockroaches, and analyze the present situation of the damage of cockroaches in China. The investigation finds that the invasive species Blattella germanica has become the dominant species and its damage was increasing in urban in China. A brief review is given on the development of the equipments and methods, their advantages and limitations in the control of cockroaches. Cockroaches also play an important role in the infection and allergy. The research and control of cockroaches in China started one century ago and cockroaches control was a long?term and arduous work as facing the challenge of pesticide resistance and pesticide pollution on environment.  It suggests that it should put the emphasis on environment improvement and chemical control to control cockroach, adding law and regulation control, pesticide control, biological control and genetic control, especially the rotational use of control equipment.

Objective To determine the number of species, diversity of endemic species and faunal characteristics of the Calyptratae fauna in Luyashan Nature Reserve of Shanxi province. Methods The biological diversity in the region was studied based on entomological classification principles and related approaches. Results A total of 243 species, 96 genus and 10 families of Calyptratae were found in the nature reserve, among which Muscidae share the highest diversity, accounting for 42.86% and 39.51% of the known Calyptratae genera and species in the region, respectively. In Luyashan Nature Reserve, there were 102 species of Palearctic out of 243 known Muscidae, accounting for 41.98% of the overall species in this region, followed by 58 Palearctic and Oriental species, accounting for 23.87%. These species, together with the Palaearctic and the other commonly distributed, accounted for 96.30% of the overall species. In addition, nine endemic species were found, making up 3.70% of the known species in the area. Conclusion In Luyashan Nature Reserve of Shanxi province, the Calyptratae fauna has high species diversity and is characterized by Palearctic elements and significant regional features.

Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) is an aerobic spore?forming bacillus widely distributed in nature, with a sub?terminal swelling capsule and spherical spores. As Bs grows, it produces binary toxin, Mtx and Cry48Aa/Cry49A, which have specific toxic effects on a variety of mosquito larvae. It is hence widely used in biological vector and mosquito control and considered a larvicidal solution that is non?toxic to human, animal, poultry and aquatic life and environmentally friendly. At present, many countries, including China, have developed commercial Bs mosquitocides that are widely used worldwide to control vectors and mosquitoes and good results have been achieved. However, laboratory and field experiments show that mosquitoes can produce binary toxin resistance under a long-term high selective pressure, which compromises Bs products as a biological mosquito larvicide in the comprehensive prevention and control of vectors and mosquitoes. The present article provides introduction to the mosquito-killing mechanisms of Bs agents, the development and application of mosquitocides, the resistance against them and vector and mosquito control.