Abstract:

Objective To determine the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of rabies in Jinan, in order to provide the basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemiological case study and descriptive statistical analysis were conducted. Results From 2006 to 2008, 17 cases of rabies occurred in Jinan city, and all cases resulted in death. The patients were mostly farmers, accounting for 64.71% (11/17). Except one case without clear exposure clue, all cases were caused by dog bites, accounting for 100% (16/16). 87.50% (14/16) of the dog-bited cases were of grade Ⅲ exposure. After exposure, 31.25% (5/16) patients did not receive treatment at all, and 37.50% (6/16) of them did not receive injection of rabies vaccine, and only 1 patient was administered non-standard rabies vaccine and immune globulin. Conclusion Most rabies patients in Jinan city were rural residents, due to lack of timely, proper wound treatment for the exposed and timely vaccination and passive immunization against rabies, all cases were fatal. Therefore, public health education about the knowledge of rabies prevention and control should be further strengthened.

Key words: Rabies, Epidemiological characteristics, Analysis

摘要：

目的 了解济南市狂犬病的流行病学特征和发病因素，为防控狂犬病提供科学对策。方法 采用流行病学方法进行个案调查和描述统计分析。结果 2006－2008年济南市发生狂犬病17例，均死亡。患者以农民为主，占64.71%(11/17)。1例患者暴露史不详，有明确暴露史的患者100%(16/16)因犬咬伤引起发病。有暴露史的患者中87.50%(14/16)为Ⅲ级暴露，暴露后31.25%(5/16)的患者伤口未做任何处理，37.50%(6/16)的患者未接种狂犬病疫苗。在正规门诊规范处置伤口和接种疫苗者仅1例，但该患者伤口位于头面部，伤势严重，且使用狂犬病免疫球蛋白不规范。结论 济南市狂犬病发病以农民为主，与暴露人群未能及时规范处理伤口，未及时注射狂犬病疫苗和抗狂犬病被动免疫剂有关。应继续加大狂犬病防治知识的宣传力度，同时加强对医务人员的培训，以提高人群处置伤口和疫苗接种的及时性。

关键词: 狂犬病, 流行特征, 分析