Abstract: Objective To investigate rodent infestation in machinery rooms in a large building complex, to preliminarily explore the spatial distribution of rodents in large building complexes, and to provide a basis for rodent control. Methods In middle and late April, 2018, more than 90 professional technicians performed a general investigation on rodent trace in high-voltage (HV) and low-voltage (LV) machinery rooms and HVAC machinery rooms in a large building complex using the rodent trace method. Excel 2017, SPSS 20.0 and ArcGIS 10.1 softwares were used for data entry, statistical analysis (paired chi-square test), and spatial analysis, respectively. Results A total of 1 304 machinery rooms were investigated, including 532 HV machinery rooms, 377 LV machinery rooms, 386 HVAC machinery rooms, and 9 machinery rooms of other types. The standard positive rate of rodent trace per room were 1.33%, 2.15%, 0.42%, and 0 for the HV machinery rooms, LV machinery rooms, HVAC machinery rooms, and machinery rooms of other types in the venue, respectively, with significant differences observed between the rooms (χ²=14.182, P<0.05); the overall positive rate of rodent trace was 0.85%. The positive rates of rodent trace were 1.69%, 1.26%, and 1.09%, respectively, for the 3rd, 6th, and 1st floors of the building, significantly higher than those on the other floors (χ²=13.051, P<0.05). The positive rate of rodent trace was 1.02% for areas near the main road and 1.09% for areas far from the main road, with no significant difference between them (χ²=0.028, P>0.05). The positive rates of rodent trace for the three areas centered around the central region from near to far were 0.53%, 0.88%, and 1.50%, respectively, showing an increasing trend but no significant differences between them (χ²=3.528, P>0.05). Conclusion Rodent infestation still exists in large building complexes. Rodent activity is closely related to food sources and accessible space. Long-term and continuous rodent density surveillance should be performed and effective control measures should be adopted.

Key words: Rodent infestation, Rodent trace method, Density, Spatial distribution

摘要： 目的 了解大型建筑综合体机房鼠类侵害状况，初步探讨鼠类在大型建筑综合体的空间分布，为鼠类控制提供依据。方法 应用鼠迹法对某大型建筑综合体强电机房、弱电机房和暖通机房进行普查式鼠迹调查，采用Excel 2017软件进行数据录入，使用SPSS 20.0软件进行成组χ²检验，应用Arcgis 10.1软件做空间分析。结果 2018年4月中下旬共调查机房1 304间，包含强电机房532间，弱电机房377间，暖通机房386间和其他机房9间。场馆内强电机房、弱电机房、暖通机房、其他机房的鼠迹标准间阳性率分别为1.33%、2.15%、0.42%和0，差异有统计学意义（χ²=14.182，P<0.05），合计鼠迹阳性率为0.85%。建筑的3、6和1层鼠迹阳性率相对较高，分别为1.69%、1.26%和1.09%，差异有统计学意义（χ²=13.051，P<0.05）。该大型建筑空间不同区域，靠近主干道一侧的区域鼠迹阳性率为1.02%，远离主干道的为1.09%，差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.028，P>0.05）。以中央区域为中心由近及远分为3个区域，其鼠迹阳性率呈现递增趋势，分别为0.53%、0.88%和1.50%，但三者间差异无统计学意义（χ²=3.528，P>0.05）。结论 大型建筑综合体内的鼠类侵害依然存在，鼠类活动与食源和活动空间有很大联系，应采取长期连续的鼠密度监测和有效的控制手段。

关键词: 鼠害, 鼠迹法, 密度, 空间分布