20 October 2017, Volume 28 Issue 5
    

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  • Reports on national surveillance of mosquitoes in China, 2006-2015
    WU Hai-xia, LU Liang, MENG Feng-xia, GUO Yu-hong, LIU Qi-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 409-415. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.001
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    Objective To understand species, population density and seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in human habitats and surroundings in China and provide the avenue for risk assessment, prevention and control of mosquitoes and related infectious diseases. Methods The surveillance data of mosquitoes by light traps from 41 national surveillance sites were collected between 2006 and 2015. The species composition, density and seasonal and annual fluctuations of different species of mosquitoes in different habitats, provinces were compared. Results Percentage of Culex pallens/quiquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus together was 84.37%. No Anopheles dirus was captured; Density of Cx. pallens/quiquefasciatus was 0.66 mosquitoes per light trap per hour, and was highest. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the second and density was 0.32. As a whole, the density of mosquitoes was decreasing from 2006 to 2013, but increasing afterward with fluctuations. The density of mosquitoes from livestock sheds was highest, followed by that associated with the farmyards. For each species, the density was highest in livestock sheds. Density of Aedes albopictus was little different among all five monitored habitats. Density in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was 4.12 and was highest, the second was Jiangsu and density was 3.59. There was a single peak in July during the seasonal fluctuations of total mosquitoes. The highdensity of Ae. albopictus persisted until September. Conclusion Culex pallens/quiquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the predominant mosquito species in human habitats and surroundings in China. The density of mosquito increased again since 2013. The density was highest in rural habitats and surroundings (livestock sheds and farmyards), especially in livestock sheds where most of mosquitoes in each species were captured. So, more attentions should be paid on mosquito control in the rural,especially on the habitats of livestock sheds. The density of mosquito peaked in July, while the density peak of different species may move to June or may delayed to September in different habitats. The control should be started promptly and be ended at the right time based on surveillance results.
  • Study on the application of four vector surveillance standards in the Center for Disease Control institutions
    LIU Mei-de, ZHANG Yong, QIAN Kun, TONG Ying, ZENG Xiao-peng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 416-421. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.002
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    Objective The Centers for Disease Control(CDC), at all levels, are the major institutions undertaking the vector surveillance; the application situation of the four vectors surveillance standards(FVSS)in the Chinese CDC system was analyzed here, and the promotion of FVSS on the business of CDC institutions was investigated at the same time. Methods In the study, questionnaire was used to investigate the awareness and application of FVSS by the CDC institutions, the promotion function of FVSS on the business of CDC institution, and the problem of execution of FVSS by the CDC institutions. Results As the results shown, almost 80 percent of among the CDC institutions, were aware of the FVSS's promulgating and had used the FVSS, and 79.14 percent of them believed that the application of FVSS could standardize their surveillance on vectors. In addition, the FVSS were useful in national hygienic city inspection, hygienic assurance for large-scale events, and emergency response to public health events. However, some problems were also found from the survey:first, 37.41 percent institutions didn't receive any FVSS training courses, the FVSS training should been expanded to cover more institutions; second, many methods in FVSS induced disagreement in vector surveillance and should be modified in the future; third, the FVSS should be consistent with the assessment standard system on the vector control. Conclusion The application situation of FVSS and promotion of FVSS in vector control program by CDC institutions was elucidated, which provided the guideline not only for the using of the FVSS by the CDC institution but also the modification of FVSS in the future.
  • Monitoring and analysis of symbiotic Wolbachia in cockroaches at Zhongshan area
    CHEN Pei, CHEN Jian, QIU De-yi, HE Qiu-xing
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 422-427. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.003
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    Objective To understand Wolbachia infection and its genotype in the cockroaches at Zhongshan area. Methods Cockroaches were collected in Zhongshan of Guangdong province between June 2015 to July 2016. wsp genes of Wolbachia were amplified and sequenced to identify if the cockroaches were infected or not, phylogenetic analysis of the wsp in these cockroaches was conducted as well. Paired t test was applied to the analysis of infection difference between the females and males. Results A total of 42 cockroaches belonging to 5 species were infected with Wolbachia out of all the studied 154 cockroach individuals of 12 species, the infection rate of Wolbachia was 27.27% at individuals level, and the difference of Wolbachia infection rate between males and females wasn't significant. There were 8 wsp haplotype sequences were classified as wAlbB, wAlbD, and wAlbF based on the phylogenetic analysis. Conclusion Wolbachia infection in Lupparia vilis, Malaccina sinica, Margatta sp.1, Margatta sp.2, and Ectobiidae sp. were detected for the first time in the world, those genotypes belong to wAlbB, wAlbD, and wAlbF. Among those wsp haplotype sequences, there might be a new wAlbF Wolbachia type in L. vilis.
  • The research of bacteria carried by Periplaneta americana from different environments by cloning method
    SHAN Zhen-ju, QIU De-yi, CHEN Pei, YUE Qiao-yun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 428-432. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.004
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    Objective Bacteria carried inside and outside the body of Periplaneta americana were studied, which were collected from different environment, and the relationship between the bacteria and the living environment of P. americana were analyzed. Methods Periplaneta americana were collected from the port, hospital and residential areas. 16S rRNA V3-V4 was selected as the target gene 4-5 individuals were collected from each area as replicates. Bacteria carried inside and outside the body of P. americana were studied by cloning method. Results Totally 139 genera, 202 species of bacteria from P. americana were obtained, including 22 genera, 44 species pathogenic bacteria, only 11 out of the 202 detected species were the same. In total, 55 genera, 65 species were obtained from the port, of which 16 genera, 21 species were pathogenic, and only 2 same species were detected among the different individual P. americana. Seventy three genera, 86 species were identified from the residential area, of which 13 genera, 19 species were pathogenic, none of the same bacteria were detected among the different individuals. Sixty eight genera, 101 species were obtained from the hospital area, of which 15 genera, 25 species were pathogenic, only 2 same species were detected among the different individuals. Conclusion Few same species of the bacteria were detected from the different individual P. americana from the same area, or the same species from different areas, so it was quite difficult to conclude the relationship between the bacteria carried by cockroach to its living environment, but more pathogenic bacteria and conditional pathogenic bacteria were detected from the P. americana from the port and hospital areas, so the surveillance of the cockroach should be strengthened in these areas.
  • Spatial error statistical analysis on the fly density at the scale of village and town after flooding in Fangshan district, Beijing
    WANG Guang-wen, LIU Zhao-hui, ZHANG Jin-lei, LIU Mei-de, ZHANG Yong, TONG Ying, ZENG Xiao-peng, ZHOU Xiao-jie, LI Qiu-hong, QIAN Kun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 433-436. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.005
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    Objective This study was intended to elucidate the spatial distribution characteristics of fly density, find correlated environmental factors, and respond to the need of fly control in disaster fields. Methods Respectively, in the study, the spatial statistical analysis was used to detect the spatial aggregation of fly population on the scales of village and town. Furthermore, spatial error regression was performed to uncover the correlated environmental factors with fly density on the same two geographic scales. Results The spatial aggregation of fly population displayed statistical significance in flooding sites on the level of village(Moran's I=0.387, P=0.016)and town(Moran's I=0.381, P=0.039), which means that such spatial pattern was not original from random process. Accordingly, as the spatial regression shown, the fly density correlated with different environmental factor on the scales of village and town; The lighting index values was related to village(Correlation Coefficient=0.514)and town(Correlation Coefficient=1.472)scales, while the slop values related only to the village scales(Correlation Coefficient=-2.398). Conclusion Present paper not only shed light on the fly spatial distribution pattern in flooding area in Fangshan, but also could provide direction for the fly control for any disaster sites being similar to flooding region in Fangshan.
  • Research on the density and population distribution of small mammals in the new tourist area of Shenzhen city
    ZHU Li-ping, YANG Hong-zhi, LIU Jian-ji, ZHANG Jian-bo, WANG Jing-ying, SHE Ling-ling, QIN Fei, WANG De-quan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 437-439. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.006
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    Objective To investigate the density and population distribution of small mammals and provide the scientific basis for the small mammal control in the new tourist area of Shenzhen city. Methods The cage trapping method was used to monitor small mammals in Dapeng district from March 2016 to February 2017. The small mammal density and composition ratio were calculated, and the enumeration data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results A total of 559 small mammals were caught, with Suncus murinus being the predominant species accounting for 48.30%, followed by Rattus norvegicus accounting for 25.22%. The average density of small mammals was 7.25%, and the seasonal fluctuation was obvious(1.72%-11.93%), with the peak period from August to October. The small mammal density varied with different habitats, the highest density(11.35%)was in the old houses. Conclusion The small mammal density in the new tourist area was relatively high. So, it should be strengthened to prevent and control the small mammals. Suncus murinus, R. norvegicus, and R. tanezumi are the main vectors of concern.
  • Management and implementation mechanism of vector control technology during Hangzhou G20 Summit
    KONG Qing-xin, WEI Ling-ya, DING Hua, CAI Yi-hua, CHEN Bing-bing, GE Quan-sheng, MA Zhen-xing
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 440-443. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.007
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    Objective To investigate the formation process and effect of the management and implementation mechanism of vector control technology during Hangzhou G20 summit, and to provide experience on vector control for future large-scale activities. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate the functional role the professional team and vector control effect at G20 summit from January to September 2016. The Patriotic Health Campaign Committee Office (PHCCO)was responsible for the organization and management of vector control operation forces. Disease control and prevention center(CDC), as vector control technical supporting institutions in their areas, carried out risk assessment, vector control program formulation, training, quality control, data analysis, and policy recommendation. Pest control operations enterprises, as the main technical implementation enterprises, carried out routine vector monitoring and control work. Results In close cooperation with the relevant professional institutions, vector control program has achieved good performance, and report of vector adverse event was zero in Hangzhou G20 summit. From August to May 2016, mosquito larvae path index decreased by 79.4%, the positive rate of fly larvae decreased by 100%, the positive rate of indoor cockroach trace decreased by 69.0%, and the positive rate of indoor rat trace was down by 66.1%. Conclusion The management and implementation of the vector control technics of large-scale activities in Hangzhou city has fully integrated the functions of all teams, the responsibility is clear with high efficiency. It can provide an effective reference for domestic related work in the future.
  • Study on the resistance of Aedes aegypti to six common insecticides in Gengma county, Yunnan province
    WANG Jian-yu, LAN Xue-mei, YANG Rui, JIANG Jin-yong, LI Hua-chang, DENG Wei
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 444-446. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.008
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    Objective To investigate the resistance level of Aedes aegypti to six commonly used insecticides in Gengma county, Yunnan province. Methods Pupale or eggs of Ae. aegypti were collected in Gengma county of Lincang city and were reared in laboratory to the first generation. The susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to six insecticides were tested by bioassay method. The resistance level was determined by adjusted mortality. Results Aedes aegypti were exposed to 0.03% cyfluthrin, 0.25% permethrin, 0.8% alpha cypermethrin, 0.25% fenitrothion, 0.8% malathion, 0.1% propoxur for 1 h, the knockdown rate was 10.09%, 24.52%, 100%, 90.72%, 100%, and 100%. The mortality after 24 h was 10.09%, 41.94%, 64.17%, 100%, 100%, and 100%. The KT50 was 9.70, 8.59, 0.47, 5.45, 3.55, and 0.55 accordingly. The test subjects were resistant to cyfluthrin, permethrin, alpha cypermethrin but remained susceptible to fenitrothion, malathion, and propoxur. Conclusion Aedes aegypti in Gengma county, Yunnan province showed concurrent resistant to cyfluthrin, permethrin and alpha cypermethrin. Therefore, the control strategy against Ae. aegypti by insecticides should be reevaluated accordingly in the study area.
  • Study on the seasonal dynamics and insecticide resistance of Dengue vector, Aedes albopictus, in Nanchang, 2016
    LIU Yang-qing, MA Hong-mei, LIU Xiao-qing
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 447-450. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.009
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    Objective To investigate the seasonal dynamics and insecticide resistant level of Aedes albopictus in Nanchang city and provide evidence for rational application of insecticides and controlling methods of dengue. Methods Insecticide resistance was tested with exposure tubes on adults and dipping method on larvae, adult density surveillance was conducted with double stack net and Breteau index(BI), and spoon larval method were used for larval monitoring. Results Aedes albopictus had two activity peaks between June and October in Nanchang, the average net trap index was 2.46, the average BI was 4.91. The adult Ae. albopictus showed resistance to beta cypermethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrinm,and DDT. The larvae were resistant to DDT, DDVP, propoxur, and cypermethrin, the resistance index was 15.53-30.07 fold. But it was susceptible to cypermethrin. Conclusion It is recommended to strengthen the surveillance of Ae. albopictus resistance and density variation and choose reasonable rotation with pesticides, to delay insecticide resistance and control dengue fever effectively.
  • Resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province
    WEI Ling-ya, KONG Qing-xin, CHEN Bing-bing, WANG Ying-hong, SHEN Lin-hai, WEI Ling-fei
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 451-453. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.010
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    Objective To investigate the resistance of Musca domestica to 5 commonly used insecticides in Hangzhou, and to compare the results with those of the last 20 years, providing scientific basis for prevention and control. Methods Musca domestica were collected from Jiande city, Jianggan district and Xiacheng district of Hangzhou city from June to July, 2014. Topical application was used to determine the resistance of M. domestica to 5 commonly used insecticides. Results The resistance to propoxur was the highest, the resistances ratios (R/R)>1 345. The resistances ratios to deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, dichlorvos, and three chlorine insecticidal ester was 77.33(LD50=0.069 6 μg/♀), 55.58 (LD50=0.200 1 μg/♀), 7.26(LD50=0.329 0 μg/♀), and 6.79(LD50=1.460 8 μg/♀), respectively. The monitoring data showed that the resistance to deltamethrin and beta-cypermethrin were at a high level; the resistance to dichlorvos showed an increasing trend year by year, the highest in 2008, and then declined; the resistance to propoxur increased sharply, the resistance to three chlorine insecticidal ester showed a rising trend. Conclusion The M. domestica strains of Hangzhou have been resistant to many kinds of insecticides. Some insecticides, such as propoxur, have been ineffective. Sustainable integrated response strategies should be established in M. domestica control in Hangzhou. In order to slow down or prevent resistance, environmental control and physical control should be considered as the main control means; if necessary, chemical insecticides with low resistance can be selected based on the resistance monitoring data.
  • The resistance dynamics of Blattella germanica in Nanchang city from 2006 to 2016
    MA Hong-mei, LI Zi-fen, LIU Xiao-qing, TAO Hui-ying, LIU Yang-qing
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 454-457. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.011
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    Objective To investigate the resistance dynamics for Nanchang field strain of Blattella germanica against the commonly used insecticides from 2006 to 2016. Methods Field B. germanica strains were collected from the farm product markets, restaurants, hotels and supermarkets on June and July in 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2016. Residual film method and diagnostic dose method were used. Results From 2006 to 2016, by examining with the residual film method, we found that the resistance ratios of the Nanchang field strain of B. germanica against each insecticide were as follows:DDVP, 1.44, 1.45; acephate, 0.53, 0.77; propoxur, 1.09, 1.36, 1.25, 1.74; deltamethrin, 1.36, 12.73, 16.01; beta- cypermethrin, 4.99, 3.57, 4.72, 10.04; cyhalothrin, 2.34, 5.39, and alpha-cypermethrin, 3.19, 5.99. By diagnostic dose method, the resistance of Nanchang field strain of B. germanica against DDVP and propoxur has also been found. Conclusion From 2006 to 2016, the resistance to pyrethroid insecticides such as deltamethrin has developed from low to medium level, part of them reached high level. The resistance to DDVP, chlorpyrifos and propoxur remained low. The Nanchang strain of B. germanica remains susceptible to acephate.
  • Efficacy of chlorfenapyr bait to control Reticulitermes flaviceps
    LIAN Liu-qing, CHEN Hai-jiang, FANG Min
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 458-460. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.012
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    Objective To determine the efficacy of chlorfenapyr bait to control Reticulitermes flaviceps and to provide new measure for the control of this species. Methods The filter- paper bait and cellulose bait were used to determine the toxicity of chlorfenapyr on the workers of R. flaviceps in indoor bioassay and the monitor-controlling device with a bag of chlorfenapyr bait was used to determine the lethal effect of chlorfenapyr on the colony of R. flaviceps in the field test. Results Chlorfenapyr had good toxic effect on the R. flaviceps workers at the concentrations of 31.25-500.00 mg/L and the workers of R. flaviceps died within 7-8 d in the choice test. At the same test period, the consumption of filter paper treated with 500.00 mg/L chlorfenapyr was 81.31% of the consumption amount of the filter paler treated with distilled water. In the field, 0.05% chlorfenapyr bait had good control effect on the colony of R. flaviceps. The colony of R. flaviceps was eliminated within 30-122 d when an average weight of 44.6 g bait was consumed. Conclusion The 0.05% chlorfenapyr bait effectively controlled the colony of R. flaviceps. It is suggested to apply chlorfenapyr bait to control R. flaviceps after further test in different areas.
  • Investigation and analysis of the termite's species, distribution and damage in Changde region
    JIANG Li-hong, ZOU Xiang-wu, OU Yang-zheng, MAO Ding, HU Ming-qiu, HUANG Min, XIAO Wen-bo, SHU Ren-cheng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 461-465. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.013
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    Objective To investigate species composition and predominant species of termites in Changde region, propose some coping tactics and provide theoretical and practical guidance for termite control. Methods From 2012 to 2015, combining the sampling investigation and point investigation, collecting the termite specimen in the different habitats, including the houses and buildings, landscaping, mountain forest, farmland area and nature forest region in Changde of nine districts and counties. Data were analyzed using variance by SPSS 16.0(SPSS Inc. 1989-2007)software. Results A total of 2 528 termite specimen were collected in Changde region(including 225 streets and towns, 1 699 villages), belonging to 30 species, 7 genera and 2 families. Odontotermes formosanus(42.40%)distributed most widely, followed by Reticulitermes flaviceps(24.29%), Macrotermes barneyi(9.93%), R. chinensis(8.82%), and R. leptomandibularis(3.52%). Odontotermes formosanus was the predominant species in landscaping(65.71%), mountain forest(41.65%)areas and farmland area (39.21%). R. flaviceps(33.55%)was the predominant species in houses and buildings. Except Wuling and Dingcheng districts, damage of termites in villages and towns in other districts and counties were 100%. The highest village damage of termites was Taoyuan county(94.93%). Conclusion The investigation provided scientific basis for further studies on species composition, the ecological environment damage and the development on control of termites.
  • Survey of foraging populations and territories of Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae) in the field
    YIN Hong, SUI Xiao-fei, CUI Qiao-li, LI Pei-guang, WANG Xin-shan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 466-469. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.014
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    Objective Obtaining the information of foraging populations and territories of Reticulitermes speratus(Kolbe) colony. Methods Proceeding sample survey to the R. speratus in the field about 18 000 m2 area from 2013-2015 in Qingdao, Shandong province. Applying triple-mark-release-recapture method using the dye marker Nile blue A and Neutral red to indicate foraging populations and territories of the R. speratus colony. Results There are five colonies of the R. speratus(Ⅰ-Ⅴ)in this area. The mean weight of a worker is about:2.22, 1.97, 1.92, 1.92,and 2.08 mg. The foraging populations of Ⅰ, Ⅲ-Ⅴ colony contained about 3.96×106, 0.86×106, 0.67×106, and 1.78×106 individuals(No corresponding number for colony Ⅱ was available since insufficient sample was collected). The linear foraging distance was about 55.1, 35.0, 36.3, 26.6, and 94.4 m. The foraging territory encompass an area about 814, 396, 466, 567, and 3 040 m2. Conclusion Reticulitermes speratus colony can have large foraging populations up to 3.96 million individuals, and a linear foraging distance up to 94.4 m, the foraging territory encompassing an area of up to 3 040 m2.
  • Comparison of two methods of extracting lipopolysaccharides from Brucella
    HAN Xiu-rui, TIAN Guo-zhong, JIANG Hai, ZHAO Hong-yan, ZHAO Zhong-zhi, PIAO Dong-ri, YANG Yi-ru, CUI Bu-yun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 470-472. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.015
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    Objective To compare the phenol water method and the iTron kit in extracting lipopolysaccharides(LPS) from Brucella. Methods LPS were extracted from B. melitensis strain 16M using phenol water method and kit method. The purity and structure of LPS was compared by SDS-gel electrophoresis and silver stain. The activity of the extracted LPS was detected by limulus amebocyte lysate agglutination test, and the characteristics of the two methods were compared. Results LPS extracted from Brucella by both methods had a high purity. There was no significant difference in activity of LPS extracted by phenol water method and the iTron kit (t'=1.270, P=0.332), which was (4.926±0.051) and (5.015±0.037) EU/ng, respectively. LPS extracted by phenol water method might lose some LPS at 17×103 and 26×103, while using the iTron kit we can get intact LPS in a convenient and safe way. Conclusion The iTron kit has advantages in extracting LPS from Brucella compared with the phenol water method.
  • A survey on the impact of construction of the Three Gorges Project on the epidemic of paragonimiasis in Xingshan county, Hubei province
    DONG Xiao-rong, ZHANG Hua-xun, CUI Xue-feng, CAO Mu-min, XIA Jing, WU Dong-ni
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 473-475. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.016
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    Objective To understand the impact of construction of the Three Gorges Project on the paragonimiasis in Xingshan county. Methods Four epidemiological surveys including sero-epidemiologic investigation and the metacercaria of Paragonimus from crabs captured were carried out in 2012-2016. The data of the paragonimiasis before the construction and the beginning of the construction and the water storage period were collected. Results The active surveillance was conducted on 1 128 residents and the total positive rate of serology test was 2.57%(29/1 128), while the Nanyang town had the highest rate of 8.12%(25/308)with statistical significance(χ2=64.313, P=0.000). All of the three hundred and forty fresh-water crabs were captured and the positive rate was 27.94%(95/340), while the Gufu town had the highest rate of 48.80%(61/125)with statistical significance(χ2=22.942, P=0.000). The infection rates of the crabs before and after the construction were higher than the beginning of the construction period. This account had statistical significance(χ2=11.348, P=0.003). The positive rate of the serology tests cannot be compared because of the different detection technology. Conclusion The infection rate of the crabs was still high, and new area of high infection rate appeared in Xingshan because of the Three Gorges Project. Measures on continuous surveillance and health education should be taken to avoid the occurrence of outbreak.
  • A new species of Culicoides (Beltranmyia) (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) from Liaoning province, China
    WEN Li-hai, CAO Yu-cun, LIU Guo-ping
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 476-477. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.017
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    A new species of Culicoides(Beltranmyia), C.(B.)shenyangensis sp. nov. is described from Shenyang city, Liaoning province in China. This new species is similar to C. pallidulus Yu, 1991, but distinctly different in the eyes with interfacetal hairs, wing with 7 pale spots, without lateral spinae in distal portion of aedeagus, parameres with bases separated of C. pallidulus Yu, 1991. Wing with pale sport of this new species is also somewhat similar to C. sibiricus Mirzaeva, 1964, but is distinctly different in the antenna sensilla coeloconica present on segments 3-15, AR 1.7, and shape of aedeagus and parameres of C. sibiricus Mirzaeva, 1964. The type specimens are deposited in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenyang Command(Shenyang 110034).
  • The observation and analysis of impact on desert-type kala-azar by aerial control of Apocheima cinerarius in Populus euphratica
    LIAO Li-fu, LIU Zhong-jun, Adily·Simayi, CUI Yan, XU Yi-mei
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 478-480. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.018
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    Objective To observe the aerial control of Apocheima cinerarius in Populus euphratica for the impact on desert type kala- azar. Methods Xiahe forest farm of Bachu county was selected as treatment area and the third township of Jiashi county as control area in desert-type kala-azar epidemic areas of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang China. The treatment area:the insecticide was sprayed by AT-402B plane to kill pests(Apocheima cinerarius)in 3 200 hectares of P. euphratica forest during 7 to 25 of April in 2009. The control area:courtyard and indoor of the patient's residence and within around 10 residences were sprayed by pyrethroid insecticide during sandflies seasons during 2008 to 2009 and 2014 to 2016, plus mosquito nets to protect children in 2015. Results In the treatment area:the incidence of desert-type kala-azar was at 160/100 000-260/100 000 before aerial treatment of 2009, and the one followed at 60/100 000 after 7 years of the pest control consecutively; In the control area:the incidence was at 264/100 000 and 246/100 000 from 2008 to 2009, after a dip in 2010 at 60/100 000, rose again to 201/100 000, 602/100 000, and 325/100 000 in 2014, 2015, and 2016(to June). Conclusion Epidemic management of desert kala- azar by sand fly control in courtyard was less effective than aerial operation in P. euphratica, and also last shorter. The control effect of the aerial operations is significant for the desert type kala-azar, and last longer.
  • Investigation on the level of F1 plague antibody in sera of high risk population in Hebei province
    WANG Zai-shan, DU Guo-yi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 481-483. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.019
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    Objective To investigate the prevalence of plague F1 antibody in the population of high risk area of plague in Hebei province, and further understand the situation of plague infection. Methods According to population data of Kangbao and Lixian counties, 7 204 sampling population were selected in January to June 2016. Serum samples were collected from blood. Plague F1 antibody of serum blood was tested by IHA, colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay and ELISA. Results These serum samples from the high risk population of two counties were collected, and tested negative by the three methods. In total, 100 control sera were detected by the same method and the results were also negative. Four positive results were found in Kangbao county in 2007. Conclusion In recent years, there was no plague positive infection among the high risk population in Zhangjiakou and Lixian.
  • Molecular evidence of Bartonella washoensis carried by Tamias sibiricus in Heilongjiang Tongjiang port
    SHI Jin-feng, GENG Cong, ZHANG Kun, JU Wen-dong, WANG Li-xiang, WANG Hong-xia, LI Zhen-jiang, HUANG Xiao-ming, CHENG Cheng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 484-486. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.020
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    Objective To explore the molecular biological evidence that rodents may carry Bartonella washoensis in Heilongjiang Tongjiang port. Methods Rodents were captured by night snaptrap and cagetrap method in June 2016. Spleen samples were aseptically collected to detect Bartonella by PCR of which primers were designed using the conserved region of the rpoB gene sequence of Bartonella spp. The positive samples obtained were further identified through gene sequencing. Results The results showed that 69 positive samples in all rodents, sequence alignment in GenBank showed that Bartonella rpoB gene fragment(No. TJ2016-107)obtained from Tamias sibiricus had high homology with SR22-1 and SR25-1 strain of B. washoensis, 99% and 98%. Conclusion It is the first time that the Bartonella rpoB gene positive fragments were amplified in the spleen of T. sibiricus, which is a high homology with B. washoensis. It is also the direct evidence that B. washoensis may exist in Heilongjiang.
  • S gene sequence analysis of Hantavirus carried by the Rattus norvegicus from Qinhuangdao port
    LI Yun, SHI Ling-li, LIU Jian-nan, YAN Ji-huan, NIE Wei-zhong, LIU Shu-ping
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 487-489. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.021
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    Objective To understand the genetic type and characteristics of Hantavirus carried by Rattus norvegicus in Qinhuangdao port. Methods Real-time PCR and sequencing technology were applied to detect the nucleic acid of Hantavirus. And the homologous and phylogenetic analysis of positive sequence were also accomplished. Results One of the R. norvegicus showed positive result for Hantavirus. Homogeneous analysis demonstrated that the nucleic acid sequence of Hantavirus S gene was high identity with Seoul(SEO)virus from both home and abroad. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Qinhuangdao Hantavirus was clustering together with S3 sub- genotype of Seoul(SEO)virus, and was most closely related to the isolate from Liaoning province. Conclusion The genotype of hantavirus carried by R. norvegicus in Qinhuangdao is SEO virus and the sub-genotype is S3 which is consistent with the popular type of hantavirus in Hebei province.
  • Serological investigation in arthritis patients with Lyme disease in Miyun district, Beijing
    YANG Yu-song, LYU Yan-ning, CHEN Yong-liang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 490-491. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.022
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    Objective To investigate the infection status in arthritis patients with Lyme disease in Miyun district, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of Lyme disease. Methods Serum samples of patients with arthritis were collected, Lyme disease antibody screening in serum samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and positive serum samples were identified by western blot. Results A total of 140 serum samples were collected, 17 samples were positive of Lyme disease antibody, the total positive rate was 12.14%. Four serum samples were positive for Lyme disease IgM antibody, the positive rate was 2.86%, 13 serum samples were positive for Lyme disease IgG antibody, the positive rate was 9.29%. The total positive rate of antibody was higher in women than men, and the total positive rate of antibody was highest in 50- years old age group, there were no significant differences in total positive rate between different districts. Conclusion There were patients with arthritis caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi infection in Miyun district, so clinicians should consider Lyme disease in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis patients.
  • Analysis of disease vector surveillance in Hubei province, China in 2015
    YANG Rui, TAN Liang-fei, XIONG Jin-feng, YAO Xuan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 492-495. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.023
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    Objective By monitoring disease vectors to grasp their community structure, density and seasonal fluctuation, and provide scientific data for prevention and control of vector-borne infectious diseases. Methods The disease vector surveillance was carried out in 17 cities and counties in 2015. Rodents and cockroaches were respectively monitored with traps set at night and glue traps; mosquitoes and flies were respectively monitored with mosquito lamps and cage traps. After data collection, SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2003 software were used to carry out the statistical analysis. Results Rodent density of the year was 1.05%, the highest rodent density was in villages. Mosquito density was 1.95 per lamp hour, the highest mosquito density was in livestock sheds. Fly density was 2.13 per cage, the highest fly density was in farmers' markets. Cockroach density was 0.22 per glue trap, the highest cockroach density was in farmers' markets and restaurant. The predominant species were Rattus norvegicus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Musca domestica, and Blattella germanica, respectively. The species composition of rodents, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches all have statistical significance in different habitats. Conclusion The community structure and seasonal fluctuation of vectors in Hubei province were preliminarily known, control measures should be taken depending on the situation.
  • Analysis on the fly density monitoring in Changsha city from 2006 to 2015
    PENG Lai, HE Jun, XIAO Shan, LONG Jian-xun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 496-498. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.024
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    Objective To investigate the community composition of the flies and their densities in different seasons and habitats in Changsha city, China, and to provide a scientific basis for fly control. Methods From April to December of each year, the cage traps were set up in the following habitats:farm produce markets, restaurants, greenbelts and residential areas. Then the statistical analysis was carried out on different kinds of data. Results A total of 6 969 flies were captured from 2006 to 2015, with a mean density of 5.16 flies/cage. Of all the flies, the predominant species was Musca domestica, reaching 26.24%(1 829/6 969). The fly density was the highest in the greenbelts, followed by in residential areas, farm product markets and in restaurants. The seasonal peak of the fly mean density was in June based on 10-year data. Conclusion Community composition and seasonal density fluctuation of the fly in Changsha city were acquired. It is suggested to take integrated fly control measures and enhance long-term monitoring, according to the habits and characteristics of the fly and their seasonality.
  • Survey on insecticides resistance of Musca domestica to five insecticides from some areas in Ningxia
    HAN Kun, ZHANG Shu-bin, YANG Cong, ZHENG Yan-juan, WU Jian-hua, ZHAI Xiao-ming, HEI Jin-yin, HE Guang-zhong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 499-501. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.025
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    Objective To investigate the susceptibility of Musca domestica to five kinds of insecticide from Yinchuan, Guyuan, Wuzhong and Shizuishan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Methods To investigate insecticides resistance of M. domestica from Xingqing of Yinchuan, Yuanzhou of Guyuan, Litong of Wuzhong and Dawukou of Shizuishan at farmers' markets, farm and dump sites from 2015 to 2016. The topical application method was used to determine the median lethal dose of M. domestica. Results Different degrees of resistance of M. domestica to five insecticides were observed in Yinchuan, Guyuan, Wuzhong and Shizuishan. The average LD50 to beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, propoxur, acephate and dichlorvos were 0.133 3, 0.067 8, 2.071 6, 3.810 4, and 0.152 6 μg/♀ in four cities. Compared with the susceptible strain reported in literature, the resistance ratio(R/S)were 26.66, 135.60, 48.74, 381.04, and 5.09 fold, DDT being the highest and dichlorvos the lowest. Conclusion It is necessary to take action to prevent the pesticide resistance in M. domestica.
  • Study on the trend of insecticide resistance of Musca domestica in Wuhan
    ZHOU Liang-cai, BAO Ji-yong, CHEN Xiao-min, LIU Jing, ZHU Jun-sheng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 502-504. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.026
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    Objective To investigate the insecticide resistance of Musca domestica in recent years to several common insecticides in Wuhan city, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the control of flies. Methods Musca domestica was collected in the urban area of Wuhan city and raised in the laboratory for 1-2 generations. WHO-recommended topical application for housefly was used to test medium lethal dose of M. domestica in 3-4 days. Results The LD50 of DDVP, azamethiphos chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin and beta cypermethrin was 0.854 2, 0.317 4, 0.319 7, 0.278 5, 1.168 5 μg/♀, respectively, increased by 5.1, 1.1, 0.6, 4.2, and 4.6 times compared with the resistance monitoring data in 2009. Conclusion In Wuhan city, the field monitoring of M. domestica on insecticide resistance level indicated an increasing trend. It was necessary to apply integrated measures and use insecticides scientifically in controlling M. domestica.
  • The application research of a rapid evaluation on the palatability of poison baits to domestic rodents in a stimulated field
    HUANG Jin-bo, LIU Fu-ming, PAN Xiao-meng, LAN Yu-qing
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 505-507. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.027
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    Objective To rapidly evaluate the palatability of poison baits to domestic rodents, and to provide basic evidence for procuring typical poison baits for autumn rodent control in urban areas. Methods In the middle of August, the domestic rats in dominant habitats were identified as experimental subjects who were captured from places such as livestock farms, supermarkets, department of stores, restaurants and residential areas, then rats were used to rapidly determine the feeding situation for further evaluating palatability of poison baits through a stimulated field in laboratory. Results Poisonous baits consumption from experimental group No. 1 to No. 6 were at 112.81, 113.40, 116.72,101.76, 126.89, and 130.99 g in sequence, at the meantime, non-poisonous baits consumptions were at 120.24, 104.94, 117.19, 136.40, 125.14, and 128.96 g. Besides, feeding coefficients were at 0.94, 1.08, 1.00, 0.75, 1.01, and 1.02 respectively with all palatability in A level. Conclusion All 6 poison baits have a good palatability, and a combination of indexes like price, toxicity and safety should be considered to select one or several poison baits for urban rodent control in autumn. Thus, this application research can quickly evaluate the palatability of poison baits, and is suitable for promoting the development of rodent control to centers for disease control and prevention in levels of counties or cities.
  • Review on control techniques of Aedes mosquitoes, important vectors of the communicable diseases
    AI Li-yun, HOU Juan, CHEN En-fu
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 508-511. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.028
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    Aedes mosquitoes are vectors of many mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, Zika fever, Chikungunya fever, Yellow fever, etc. In recent years, many factors have favored global adaptability of Aedes, thus affecting the spread of these mosquito-borne viruses. As an important vector, the sustainable vector management of Aedes is of great significance for the mosquito-borne diseases. The research progress of mosquito control technology is reviewed.
  • Study on the relationship between the resting phase of animal plague and the variation of the plague plasmid
    GAO Shao-kun, DU Guo-yi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 512-514. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.029
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    There are three plasmids of 10, 74, 107 kb which are main plasmids of Yersinia pestis in the plague natural foci of China. Different plasmids have been found in China and there are 16 different types. Plasmid in nature is easy to be lost and Y. pestis is therefore altered. This is also the cause of natural death at the end of plague and circulating of the plague. Plasmid variation of the Y. pestis is discussed for the plague epidemic. The study of the law of epidemic plague is useful for public health.
  • Investigation on the small mammal species of Milin county of Tibet
    HE Rui-feng, LI Dong-mei, LU Liang, Zhaxi, LI Jing-zhong, LIU Qi-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 515-515. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.030
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  • The analysis of clinical manifestation and treatment of brucellosis in Jiangxi province
    DENG Le, WEN Zhi-li, LI Lin-tao, ZHONG Hui-hai
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(5): 516-516. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.031
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