ISSN 1003-8280 CN 10-1522/R 中国疾病预防控制中心 主办
【Abstract】 Objective A field study was carried out in a restaurant in the south of China to investigate the blood sources affected Japanese encephalitis （JE） vectors Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus indoor abundance. Methods Vector density was investigated by human?leg capture technique. Results In the dinning room adjacent to deer blood resource, Cx.tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant specie（74.80% of total number） and the minor vector was Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus （21.14%）. However, in the restroom where the mosquitoes could only access to human blood, Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus accounted for 60.28% and that of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus was 36.62%（n＝845）. The density of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus in restroom was higher than that in the dinning room （df＝1, χ2＝5.32，P＜0.05, n＝676）. However, the density of Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus in the dinning room was higher than that in the restroom（df＝1, χ2＝268.45， P＜0.001, n＝611）. Conclusion The results showed that the blood resources influenced the JE vector spatial abundance. The abundance of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus or Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus was affected by the animal blood or the human blood.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the control effect of source reduction to Aedes albopictus population. Methods Various measures were taken to reduce Ae.albopictus breeding sites in the Forest Park, and the Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute was as control without any measures. Mosquito and oviposition trap and CO2 trap were used to evaluate the experiment. Results After source reduction, Ae.albopictus adult and larvae density gradually decreased, and the relative population indexes（RPI） were under 35 and the decline rates of density were more than 50% after treatment for 2 to 3 weeks. Conclusion It was effective to control Ae.albopictus population by source reduction.
【Abstract】 Objective Know the dynamic change of mosquito population constitution and its density and its seasonal fluctuation in Three Gorges Reservoir area. Methods The mosquitoes were captured by direct current electric mosquito-catching trap at the fixed time and places, and then identified and counted. Results The dominant species of mosquitoes were Armigeres subalbatus, Culex pipiens quinqusfasciatus, Anopheles sinensis, Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and Cx.pipiens pallens in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The density of mosquito in room was higher than outside. Conclusion The density of mosquito tended to decline from 1997 to 2007, and mosquito monitoring should be strengthened.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the influence of main meteorological parameters on the mosquito density. Methods With the data of mosquito density from 2005 to 2007 provided by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the meteorological data such as average temperature, average minimum temperature, average maximum temperature, rainfall, rainy days, sunshine time, relative humidity and average wind speed, a multiple stepwise regression would be made with statistical software SAS 9.0. Results The multiple regression co-linearity results showed there was strong linear relationship among average temperature，average minimum temperature and average minimum temperature. The multiple stepwise regression equation was y＝0.533 97X2＋0.078 14X7－2.673 29X8－2.232 56 （X2, X7 and X8 represented average minimum temperature, relative humidity and average wind speed, respectively）. Conclusion The main meteorological parameters closely related to mosquito density were average minimum temperature, relative humidity and average wind speed. The order which affected mosquito density was in turn average minimum temperature, average wind speed and relative humidity
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the culture of salivary gland cells from adult Aedes albopictus, and try to establish its primary culture and passage culture. Methods Salivary glands dissected under sterile condition were kept in Schneider medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml phytomycin, and cultured at 26 ℃ in the incubator. Results After incubation for three days, single cells could be observed around salivary gland, and the quantity of single cell increased after six days. It showed that the culture of salivary gland cells from Ae.albopictus adult could survive for a period in vitro. Conclusion The culture of salivary gland cells from Ae.albopictus adult could survive in vitro.
【Abstract】 Objective To compare the characteristics of mosquito communities structure at different altitude of Mengshan mountains Methods The mosquito communities structure at different altitude of Mengshan mountains were compared and analyzed with the indexes of substance content of biota（SCB）, species abundance and diversity（SAD）, probability of interspecific encounter（PIE）, community uniformiry（CU）, biomass （BM） and species density（SD）, and the relativity of mosquito communities comparability index was performed. Results A total of 2013 mosquitoes were colleted. Of which, a sum of 1724 mosquitoes were collected within 200-300 m, accounting for 85%. There were 257 mosquitoes at 700-800 m, accounting for 13%, and only 32 mosquitoes at 1156 m which was the top of the mountain, accounting for 2%. The six index mentioned above were 13, 0.345, 0.272, 0.310, 1.20, and 1724 at 200-300 m, 12, 0.417, 0.443, 0.417, 0.18, and 257 at 700-800 m, and 9, 0.677, 0.845, 0.750, 0.06 and 32 at 1156 m. The comparability index between 700-800 m and 1156 m was higher with the value of 0.3625, following with the indexes between 700-800 m and 200-300 m which the values were all 0.1852. And it was the lowest between 1156 m and 200-300 m with the value of 0.1452. The results showed that the distance was nearer, the comparability was bigger, according with the practical investigation results. Conclusion There was distinct difference among the mosquitoes communities diversity at the different altitude. The SCB, BM and SD of mosquito communities in higher altitude were lower than those in lower altitude. But the CU, SAD and PIE of mosquito communities in higher altitude were higher than those in lower altitude. Furthermore, the distance of habitats was nearer, the community structures were more similar, and vice versa. The biological diversity was of great importance to study community structure of mosquitoes.
【Abstract】 Objective To observe the injury of the antimicrobial peptides with anti-Toxoplasma activity isolated from housefly larvae on the DNA of T.gondii tachyzoites. Methods The antimicrobial peptides of housefly larvae were induced largely by infection and injury, which were isolated and purified by trituration, centrifugalization and column chromatography. Then the antimicrobial peptides with anti-Toxoplasma activity were sieved by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric method and haemacytometry. The DNA contents of T.gondii tachyzoites were detected by flow cytometry （FCM）. Results From the bar chart of DNA contents, it showed that the difference of distribution between the control group and the experimental group, and tachyzoites in the experimental group were fewer than that in the control group. The tachyzoites in M1 phase were fewer than that in M2 phase in the control group, but the condition was on the contrary in the antimicrobial peptide group. Furthermore, the peak in the M1 stage had an obvious antedisplacement. Conclusion The antimicrobial peptide isolated from housefly larvae could kill T.gondii by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA.
【Abstract】 Objective To know the species composition and seasonal change of pest flies in the farm produce trade markets, the external environment of restaurants, the public green belts and the residential areas in Ningbo city, and to provide the theoretical basis for the establishment of flies control strategy. Methods The adult flies were termly captured by cage with attractants and were identified and counted, and then calculating its density and constituent ratio. Results The dominant species in four kinds of habitats were Musca domestica, Chrysomyia megacephala and Lucilia cuprina, but M.domestica, C.megacephala and L.sericata in the farm produce trade markets, C.megacephala, M.domestica and L.sericata in the external environment of restaurants, C.megacephala, L.cuprina and M.domestica in the public green belts, and M.domestica, C.megacephala and L.cuprina in the residential areas． Among flies captured, the appearance of M.domestica was the earliest, and its disappearance was the latest. However, the activity period of other flies was all less than 8 months each year, and the peak was usually from May to October. Conclusion In the control of flies, the life habit and the occurrence rule of M.domestica, Chrysomyia megacephala, L.sericata, and L.cuprina should be taken into account, and the key control period was from May to October.
【Abstract】 Objective To master the species and composition of ectozoa on the body of the rodents and hedgepig in Beijing ports. Methods Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius and Erinaceus europaeus were captured by night trapping method, and the ectoza were collected from the body of them. Results A total of 282 ectozoas were picked up and identified, belonging to 12 species. It included 61 gamasid mite belonging to 6 species, 203 ticks belonging to 4 species, 13 chigger mite belonging to 1 species and 5 fleas belonging to 1 species. Beside the above species, there were Laelaps echidninus, Ls.jettmari, Ls.nuttalli, Haemolaelaps glasgowi, Hirstionyssus sunci, Macrocheles muscaedomesticae, Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor nuttalli, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Leptotrombidium pallidium, Xenopsylla cheopis, respectively. Conclusion The infestation ratio and the ectozoa index of these hosts were lower with the exception of hedgepig.
【Abstract】 Objective To learn the infestation situation of indoor cockroach in Chongqing, and control effectively its density to accumulate experience for its large scale control. Methods The residual spraying and toxic baits were used to kill cockroach, and the control efficacy was evaluated by chemicals simulating method and visual method. Results The infestation rate reached 27.75% before treatment, and there was significant difference among the infestation situation of cockroach at six different places（χ2＝91.272, P＜0.01）.After treatment, it decreased to 6.46% and the killing rate was 76.72%. The control efficacy in the school was the best, and the killing rate reached 91.95%. The second was in the farm product trade market with the value of 86.19%. It was the worst in five small shops, and its killing rate to cockroach was only 60.79%. There was also significant difference among the control efficacy at six places（χ2＝55.235, P＜0.01）. Conclusion The control efficacy to cockroach was very distinct, which effectively reduced the density of cockroach. The results also showed many factors such as environment, work force and concern degree would affect the control effect. The environmental condition was better, the control of cockroaches was easier. The work force was bigger and the degree of concern was higher, the killing effect was more remarkable.
【Abstract】 Objective To know about the population distribution and seasonal fluctuation of main vectors by the successive monitoring from 2006 to 2008 in Beijing Olympic venues, and to provide the scientific basis for vector control. Methods The CO2 trapping lamp method was used for the surveillance of mosquitoes, baited cage trapping method for the flies, night trapping method for rats and paste catching method for cockroaches. Results Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species of mosquito, accounting for 96.94% of the caught mosquitoes in Beijing Olympic venues. The dominant species of fly was Sarcophaginae, accounting for 46.13 % of the caught flies. Mus musculus Linnaeus was the dominant species of rats, accounting for 63.30 % of the caught rats. Blattella germanica was the dominant species of cockroaches, and all the captured cockroaches were German cockroaches. Compared with 2006 and 2007, the density of main vectors decreased significantly in 2008. During the period of the Olympic Games, the density of main vectors had been in the low level. The density of mosquito declined 88.57% and 89.26%, 69.88% and 81.63% for the fly density, 100% for the rat density and 99.98% for the cockroach density. Conclusion The density of main vectors decreased significantly during the period of Beijing Olympic Games. No serious harmful events caused by vectors occurred in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The goal about vector control had been realized completely.
【Abstract】 Objective To know about the density and seasonal fluctuation of main vectors at National Stadium by the surveillance, develop and implement the special strategy and control, in order to avoid the harmfulness caused by vectors during the opening and closing ceremony of Olympic Games. Methods Night trapping method was used for the surveillance of rats, CO2 trapping lamp method for the adult mosquitoes, lava-spoon method and check-container method for larva, baited cage trapping method for the flies and paste catching method for cockroaches. The integrated method was used for the vector prevention and control such as rats, mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches. The control effect was evaluated by density surveillance and questionnaire. Results There were 84 spoons sampled from large-scale water, and the positive spoon was 0. A total of 46 containers were checked at the stadium, and no positive container was found. There was no response on the infestation of vectors at the opening and closing ceremony of the Olympic Games by questionnaires to 220 people, and nobody was bitten or annoyed by vectors. Conclusion The strategy and method of vector control especially at the opening and closing ceremony of Olympic Games were successful and effective, which not only provided the safeguard for the opening and closing ceremony but also realized the aim without vector harm.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the distribution and its ecological charateristics of medical gamasid mites in the surrounding areas of Biluoxueshan in Yunnan province, China. Methods Some small mammals were captured by mouse traps (or mouse clips) in the surrounding areas of Biluo snow mountain located in Weixi county of Yunnan province. The ectoparasitic gamasid mites were all collected from the body surface of small mammal hosts. The community structure of gamasid mites were illustrated with richness （S）, Shannon?Wiener’s diversity index（H′）, evenness（J′） and dominance index（C′）. The spatial distribution patterns of some dominant species of gamasid mites were measured by disperse coefficient, clumping index, Cassie index and patch index. Results There were 1560 small mammals belonging to 40 species captured, and 35 species of gamasid mites were collected from the body of small mammals. Of which, 8 species were not identified. The community of gamasid mites showed a high diversity with abundant species. The dominant species of gamasid mite were Laclaps traubi, Laelaps chin, Laelaps jingdongensis, Laclaps turkestanicus and Ornithonyssus bacoti. The distribution patterns of 5 dominant gamasid mite species on the body of small mammals were of aggregated distribution. Of the 5 dominant species, the female ratios of most mite species （96.84%, 87.94%, 92.78%, 95.77%） were much higher than the males, but Os.bacoti was an exception （37.25%）. For most mites species, the proportion of the larvae and nympha was much lower with the exception of Os.bacoti Hirst （54.51%）. Conclusion The community of gamasid mites in the surrounding areas of Biluo snow mountain was relatively complicated with abundant species. The spatial distribution of dominant mite species was of aggregated distribution pattern.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effectiveness of different slow-releasing linalool formulation against Blattella germanica. Methods Three kinds of slow-releasing linalool formulation were finished by cavity displacement method, polymer pickling process and β?cyclodextrininclusion （CD） inclusion process. The efficacy of three formulations to B.germanica was evaluated with a small container and a quadr-cage olfactometer system. Results The linalool deploied with aethylenum-Vac granule and activated alumina granule had obvious repellency to B.germanica, and 97.7% repellency of the former was more effective than the latter. But there was not significant difference between the β-CD inclusion group and the control（t＝0.303, P＞0.05. Conclusion Cavity displacement method and polymer pickling process could be used for the preparation of linalool formulation, which could provide new control measures to spacial repellent for insect, environmental contamination and insect resistance.
【Abstract】 Objective To survey reservoir hosts of desert-type kala-azar in Tarim Basin. Methods Collect animal samples in winter, and screen the samples which antibody were positive by ELISA. Leishmania was isolated by Lagurus lagurus inoculation and tissue culture. The specific gene sequences of Leishmania infantum isolated from kala?azar patients, Yarkend hare and Phlebotomus wui were amplified by molecular biological technology. Results There was Leishmania antibodies in Yarkend hare and Canis familiaris, and 3 strains of Leishmania were isolated from 44 of Yarkend hare which antibodies were positive. The NAGT gene sequences amplified from hares (3 strains), patients (1 strain) and vectors (6 strains) were same, according with the sequence of L.infantum (AF205934) from GenBank. Conclusion It suggests that yarkend hare is one of the primal host of desert-type kala-azar in Tarim Basin.
【Abstract】 Objective To deeply know the role of the reporting of dead rodents in the monitering and control of commensal rodent plague and its cooperation with linking surveillance method. Methods （1）To compare and analyze the function of dead rodents reporting and three plague?risk indicators reporting on the timely finding of the plague in rodents. （2）To analyze the relationship between dead rodents reporting and linking surveillance method and study the function of the latter. Results （1） The reporting of dead rodents contributes to, and other two plague?risk indicators reporting has no relation to the detection of commensal rodent plague among rodents.（2）The two HD techniques in monitoring and control system of commensal rodent plague are dead rodents reporting and linking surveillance method, of which, the former is mainly in charge of the detection of the plague among rodents in time, and the latter has two roles, namely both decreasing and founding the epidemic foci among rodents, especially in decreasing them. Conclusion The emphasis should be put on the popularization of 2HD technique in order to detect and control rodent plague in time in the monitoring and control of commensal rodent plague, and at the same time, the reporting of three plague?risk indicator should be understood and treated correctly.
【Abstract】 Objective To develop a system of stepwise response for risk categories for dengue fever in China. Methods According to ecological features of Aedes albopictus, establish the method of mosquito and oviposition trap and compare the relationship of the mosquito and oviposition positive index （MOI） and the Breteau index （BI） or the Ovitrap index obtained from the traditional dengue fever vectors surveillance. Develop an epidemic forecast and phased response system for dengue fever control and prevention with reference to other correlative grade control system for dengue or other vector?borne disease, combined with the actual application of mosquito and oviposition trap in the vector surveillance. Results The MOI could be classified into 4 levels, below 5, 5-20, 20-40, and ＞40 respectively. Stepwise response for risk categories for dengue fever were divided into 4 levels according to the levels of MOI, seasonal character, virus infection rates in mosquitoes and the result of human cases surveillance. Conclusion The MOI is less than 5, which suggestes the control of dengue fever is very effective. However, the risk categories and its response index still need further study and verify in the practical application.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the gene of 21 Qinghai-Tibetau plateau strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from the different reservoirs in Qinghai, Tibet and Gansu, and to know the relationship of these strains from the different reservoir. Methods Random amplified polymorphism DNA （RAPD） was used in this study. Results The electro-phoretic band of amplified products from 16007, 28001 and 01080 Y.pestis strains were similar, but there were difference between three strains and other sample strains. Conclusion 21 strains isolated from the different reservoir were homologous in genetics.
【Abstract】 Objective To learn the infection status of Lyme disease in Diebu county, the change of natural focus and the situation of the host infected by Lyme disease. Methods The antibody of Borrelia burgdoferi in the crowd serum was detected by immunofluorescence, and the spirochete DNA was tested with PCR. Results A total of 522 serums were sampled from the people in 5 forestry centres and 7 villages of Dieby county, and the antibodies of B.burgdoferi were positive in 57 serums with the positive rate of 10.92%. Sixty nine species of rat-shapes were captured, and the average capture rate was 15.33%. Among them, there were 25 Niniventer confucianus Hodgsons,18 Rattus norvegicus Berkenhouts, 15 Apodemus specious Temminck, 9 Apodemus specious Linnaeus, 1 Mus musculus and 1 Apodemus agrarius Pallas, which accounted for 36.23%, 26.09%, 21.74%, 13.04%, 1.45% and 1.45%, respectively. Six spleens and five kidnies were positive in 62 rats?spleens and 66 rat-kidnies, and the positive rate was 15.15%（10/66）. The positive samples included 6 R.niviventer Hodgsons, 2 R.norvegicus Berkenhouts, 1 A.specious Temminck and 1 A.specious Linnaeus three strains of B.burgdoferi were isolated from rats kidnies and bladders with BSK culture medium. Conclusion The natural foci of Lyme disease were widely distributed in Diebu county, and the infection rate in the crowd was higher.
【Abstract】 Objective Analyze the prevalent trend of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Pingyi county, and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease. Methods Epidemiological trends of HFRS in Pingyi county was analyzed with the method of descriptive epidemiology based on the HFRS case data and the surveillance information of host from 1980 to 2006. Results From 1980-2006, there were 9519 cases of HFRS were reported, the average annual incidence rate of this disease was 26.28/100 000, and 277 cases were died with the morbidity of 2.91%. The peak of incidence rate was from 1992 to 1998. The prevalence of HFRS varied periodically and the prevalence period was about 3-5 years, which mostly focused on the spring, fall and winter. It often occurred in low plains with rivers, and the patients were mostly the males who were young and strong. The prevalence trend gradually decreases, and its mortality in autumn and winter was higher than in spring. The rodent density was in the peak in the third quarter and the rate of rodent carrying virus was the highest in the fourth quarter. Conclusion The prevalence of HFRS in Pingyi county had the characteristic of periodicity, seasonal and multitudinous. In recent years, though the HFRS morbidity and incidence rate gradually decreased, the crowd morbidity, mice density and the rate of mouse carrying virus still maintained at the high level. In order to control HFRS, the integrated control measure must be taken including deratization in the spot and the inoculation of HFRS vaccine in the key crowd.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the synthesis control effects of the poison bait and the gel bait to Blattella germanica in the passenger trains. Methods One percent acephate and 1% Yekang gel bait were applied exclusively or both were jointly used in the passenger trains. The density of B.germanica was monitored before and after treatment respectively. Results There was significant difference between the combined application of poison bait and gel bait and single application of poison bait（χ2＝17.146，P＝0.000）. The combined application of poison bait and gel bait also significantly differed compared to that of the single gel bait（χ2＝15.499，P＝0.000）. Conclusion The combined application of cockroach poison bait and gel bait had a remarkable efficacy to the fast killing of B.germanica and the maintenance of low cockroach density in the passenger trains.
【Abstract】 Objective Investigate the damage extent and the species of cockroaches to a hotel in Zhoukou city, Henan province, and in order to take effective measures to control. Methods Various measured were taken to control cockroach like environment improvement, integrated control and the combined and cross application of chemicals. Results The density of cockroaches decreased from 15.94 to 1.49 individuals per box after the use of the pesticide for one day, and its killing rate reached 90.65%. The average density from the third day to the sixty day was 0.04 and 0.27 individuals per box, and the killing rate ranged from 98.31% to 99.75%. The control efficacy was very prominent. Conclusion The integrated control method and the pesticide combination method could make the efficacy of various chemicals achieve their extreme.
【Abstract】 Objective To know the distribution of flea, tick and louse and their natural infection situation at Sanjiangyuan Tanggula district of Qinghai. Methods The epizoite insects from the small animals captured in the plague foci were collected, and then classify and identify them respectively. Results There were 40 species of flea, tick and louse belonging to 20 genus, 8 families and 3 orders, including 36 species 17 genus and 5 families of fleas, 1 specie 1 genus and 1 family of ticks and 3 specie 1 genus and 1 family of louses, which were deposited in Qinghai Institute for endemic disease prevention and control. Only three species of fleas were infected by plague in 13 species of Marmota himalayana, and they were Oropsylla silantiewi and Callopsylla dolabris and Amphipsylla primaris primaries. The plague was also isolated from M.himalayana?a kind of epizoite louse parasitized M.himalayanus. Conclusion Strengthen the research on vector control in this district, and provide the service for the control of plague.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the influence of season, temperature and humidity to the seasonal fluctuation of Haemaphysalis bispinosa. Methods Investigate 3 d in succession in the fixed sites per ten days monthly, the ticks were captured by the flag (90 cm×60 cm) at its active peak. The average quantity of ticks captured in successive 3 d per ten days was counted, and the temperature and humidity were recorded. The curve of average ticks number to time was drawn. Results The ticks captured belonged to H.bispinosa. Its density began to increase since April, and it had two population peak, one was in May and June, the other was in September and October. After October, it decreased obviously, and its density was minimum in February and March. The activity peak of ticks was perhaps from May to June, and its propagation peak was from September to October. The curve of temperature change and the seasonal fluctuation of H.bispinosa was very similar, so the combination of humidity and temperature possibly affected the activity of H.bispinosa. Conclusion H.bispinosa could be active in the whole year, and the Summer and the Autumn were its activity peak.
【Abstract】 Objective To grasp the population constitution of the rat-shape animals and its density fluctuation at the Three Gorges district, prevent the damage of the rodent and the rodent-borne diseases to the human, and to provide the science evidence for its forecast. Methods The investigation was preformed at four habitats by night trapping at 5 meters intervals. Results There were 79 rat-shape animals captured at Wanzhou district, belonging to 6 species, 2 families and 2 orders, and the average rodent density was 2.76%. Of which, that in the north of the Yangze River was 2.32% and 3.06% in the south of the Yangze River. The common species in the resident room were Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus and R.flavipectusye. And the dominant species were Mus musculus and R.flavipectusye. In the wild rural areas, the dominant species were Apodemus agrarius and Anourosorex squamipes. Conclusion The average rodent density was 2.76% (79/2863) in this district on April 2008. For the rodent density in the resident room, it in the north of the Yangze River was higher than that in the south, and that in the dry land neighboring the water area was also higher than other dry land.
【Abstract】 Objective To grasp the dynamic change of the population distribution and seasonal fluctuation of cockroach in Dalian. Methods The baits and traps method was used in the surveillance. Results There were 3 species of cockroaches, and Blattella germanica was the dominant species, accounting for 96.89%. Periplaneta japonica and P.fuliginosa accounted for 3.02% and 0.09% respectively. The activity peak of the cockroach was from July to October. The order of cockroach distributed in different trade was farm produce trade market, residential area, restaurant, hotel and hospital. Conclusion B.germanica was the dominant species in Dalian, suggesting that it should put the emphasis on the control of it in the future.
【Abstract】 Objective To know the dynamic change of population composition of rat-shape animals and its season fluctuation, and to provide science evidence for the establishment of prevention and control measure. Methods The surveillance data of rat density from 2001 to 2006 were collected and analyzed. Results There were 233 rat-shape animals belonging to 5 species in the six years. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species, and Mus musculus was the common species. R.norvegicus mainly distributed in urban, whereas in rural areas it was mainly M.musculus． The rat density in Baoshan district had two peaks in the whole year, one was March to April, and the other was September to October. Conclusion The activity of unexpected elimination rat was carried out in Spring and Autumn each year, respectively. The poison bait and its application method must be chosen in urban and in rural according to the target species and its habitats.
【Abstract】 Under the support of asp program and structured query language（SQL） Server 2000 database management system, the information system on vector specimen was established by ADO data accessing technology and SQL query technology based on the data collected from the health department and the quarantine department. The system was made up of basic information database, specimen photo database and user information database. The information management system not only could take charge of the database, but also offered services to the ordinary users. It had good service function, which included that it had a friendly interface and it could inquire accurately and fuzzily. The system provided detailed information of vector specimens for the health/quarantine departments and the ordinary users, realizing the share of vector specimen information, which would be applied widely in the future.
【Abstract】 Objective To explore a new kind of technique and method for the monitoring of pathogens carried by rats. Methods According to the verification standard stipulated by sampler, use mathematic formula to count based on the statistics verification principle with the increase of surveillance samples. Draw the line of monitoring data on the graph. Distinguish quickly whether the carrying rate of pathogen exceeded the permission criteria or not, according to the relationship of monitoring line and up and down limitation. Results Take the surveillance of Hantaan virus (HV) carried by rats as example, the guard-line of virus carried by rat was assumed to be 30%. The virus carrying rate of rats was periodically monitored by sequential sampling method. If the monitoring line was above the up limitation, suggesting that the level of HV carried by about 95% rats reached or exceeded 30%. Conclusion The Sequential sampling method could make a relatively rapid and credible conclusion on the monitoring of pathogen carrier for its avoidance of blindness work and cost waste during the surveillance.
