Objective To investigate the species distribution, species composition, blood-sucking rate, and light-trap index in the cattle pens in three northeastern provinces of China. Methods From 2010 to 2019, hematophagous midges were captured with light traps from cattle pens in 7 counties (cities) in three northeastern provinces of China. The Chi-square test was used to compare the blood-sucking rates. Results A total of 322 505 hematophagous midges were collected from 7 counties (cities) in northeast China, which belonged to 29 species from 2 genera, including 28 species of Culicoides and 1 species of Lasiohelea. Among them, Kuandian county had 19 species, Dongning city had 15 species, Xunke county had 15 species, Dunhua city had 8 species, Fuyuan county had 8 species, Qingyuan county had 6 species, and Ji'an city had 7 species. The dominant species were C. sinanoensis (38.42%) and C. punctatus (37.60%), and the species composition varied in different counties (cities). The overall blood-sucking rate of 9 main species in 4 counties (cities) was 54.63%. Specifically, C. orientalis had the highest blood-sucking rate (71.87%), and C. humeralis had the lowest (14.68%). The overall light-trap index in 5 counties (cities) was 4 788.98 midges/light·night. Specifically, Dunhua city had the highest light-trap index (9 499.94 midges/light·night), and Xunke county had the lowest (1 408.62 midges/light·night). The blood-sucking rate and light-trap index varied across different midge species and counties (cities). Conclusion There were 29 species from 2 genera of hematophagous midges in the cattle pens of 7 counties (cities) in three northeastern provinces of China. The dominant species were C. sinanoensis and C. punctatus. C. orientalis had the highest blood-sucking rate, and Dunhua city had the highest light-trap index.

Objective To investigate rodent population distribution and rodent control effectiveness in a working area of Japanese abandoned chemical weapons in eastern Jilin province, China. Methods The trapping method was used to capture rodents from June to August of 2016 in 3 habitats (mixed coniferous-broadleaf forests, marginal areas of cultivated land, and temporary settlements). The chi-square test was used to compare the capture rate of rodents in different habitats. Rodent control was conducted with poison baits in 4 zones of the working area and the control effectiveness was determined in July 2017. Results A total of 398 rodents were captured, involving 10 species from 8 genera. The dominant species were Apodemus agrarius (37.19%) and Tscherskia triton (32.66%), followed by Rattus norvegicus (9.30%) and A. peninsulae(8.54%). After 10 days of deratization, deratization rates in the 4 zones were 71.43%, 84.85%, 81.25%, and 91.30%, respectively, averaging 84.79%.The difference of mousetrap rate between different habitats and month was statistically significant (χ²=119.431, P<0.001; χ²=15.872, P<0.001). Conclusion There were many kinds of rodents in this area, the density of rodents was high, and the effect of poison bait is remarkable.

Objective To understand the current situation of rabies incidence and exposure in Shunyi district of Beijing,and evaluate the risk of rabies, discuss the prevention and control strategy of rabies, and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control measures against rabies for the residents. Methods Retrospective the history of rabies incidence data since beginning of the records in Shunyi district, epidemiological analysis was carried out on the surveillance data on populations exposed to rabies in rabies immune prevention clinics during 2002-2016 and cases of single dog causing many injuries during 2010-2016. Results A total of 26 cases of rabies were reported in Shunyi district during 1960-2016,including 6 cases during 2010-2016; animal-wounded cases were 124 019 from 2002 to 2016, the ratio male cases to female ones was 1.26:1, and the male cases were higher than female ones (χ²=228.450,P<0.05). There was an obvious seasonal peak in summer, 54 665 cases (44.10%) occurred during May to August. Lower limbs and hands were most vulnerable to be bitten, which was 100 955 cases (81.40%). The majority of the injured were middle-aged and young, accounting for 51.13%, workers and peasants (32.68%) accounted for the most, followed by staff (30.91%). More than 75% of cases were caused by dogs, and only 35.58% of which the owner can be found have been vaccinated against rabies within one year. A total of 49 356 cases (50.08%) of rabies-exposed people were grade Ⅲ exposure during 2008-2016, while there were 8 432 cases (17.08%) of which received passive immunization. The rate of passive immunity remained low, only reaching 32.56% in 2009 but 20% in other years. During 2010-2016, 20 cases of single dog causing many injuries were reported, among which 44 people from 8 occurrences were followed for the whole course of vaccination, and accounted for 90.91%. Conclusion Dogs should be managed strictly and vaccinated in a timely manner. Popularizing the knowledge of rabies prevention and control and promptly disposing of rabies exposure in accordance with standards are critically important. It is suggested to add clinics of secondary hospital or above to treat the wounds, to establish surveillance mechanism for full vaccination of rabies. It is suggested that the government should further incorporate the cost of medical treatment for the injured personnel into the scope of the NCMS and the urban medical insurance. Long-term monitoring mechanism for animal rabies should be established. Collaborative efforts are needed among health, police department, animals supervising agencies and other members of dog management.

This paper reports 3 genera and 71 species of hematophagous midges in 17 cities and counties of bordering area of North Korea, Russia and China, among which a new species Culicoides moheensis Ren et Liu sp. nov. was described. Three genera and 42 species were distributed in the 7 cities and counties of China-North Korea borders; and 2 genera 54 species in 10 cities and counties of China-Russia borders. Culicoides raoheensis Ren et Liu, sp. nov. is similar to C. qianshanensis Fei, 1982, but distinctly different in the palpus third segment with a large and deep sensory pit, antenna sensilla coeloconica present on segments 3-15 of female C. qinashanensis Fei, 1982. The type specimen is deposited at the Shenyang Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Shenyang 110034, China).

Objective To investigate the important medical arthropods from Haerbaling and Lianhuapao forest areas of Dunhua city, Jilin province. Methods Blood-sucking Diptera insects were collected by bednet, light trap and insect net. Ticks were collected by dragging a blanket over the vegetation on the ground. Results A total of 16 141 specimens belonging 4 families 12 genera 50 species were recorded from Dunhua city, including 10 species and 3 genera of Culicidae, 8 species and 1 genus of Ceratopogonidae (including a new species: Culicoides haerbalingensis), 28 species and 5 genera of Tabanidae, 4 species and 3 genera of Ixodidae. The predominant species were Aedes vexans (81.96％); Culicoides newsteadi (48.01％), Culicoides punctatus (24.20％); Hybomitra distinguenda (26.17％), Hybomitra stenopselaphas (12.66％); Haema physalis concinna (67.34％). The peak period of ticks was May. Conclusion There were many medical arthropods and hazard in forest areas of Dunhua city, and medical arthropods should be controlled.

Objective To study the existence of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and tick-borne spotted fever (SF) in rodents in northeastern China. Methods Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Anaplasma (Ap), Ehrlichia (Ec) and spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) were detected in rodent samples collected from Ji’an of Jilin province and kuandian of Liaoning province. Results In 132 wild rodent, 66 collected from Ji’an, Ap and Ec and SFGR were detected positive, with rates as 7.58%, respectively. 66 collected from kuandian, Ap and Ec and SFGR were detected positive, with rates as 21.21%, 4.55%, 13.64%, respectively. 3(2.27%) were coinfections with Ec and Ap, while 2(1.52%) was coinfections with Ec and SFGR. There was no coinfections of Ap and SFGR. Conclusion There exists natural foci of Ap, Ec and SFGR in the investigated area. Coinfections of Ec and Ap or Ec and SFGR did exist in rodents in Changbai mountain area, China.

Objective To determine the species distribution of Ceratopogonidae from Heilongjiang province. Methods Biting midges were collected using human-baited net traps, light traps, animal-baited traps and insect nets to generate data on the species distribution in Heilongjiang province. Results A total of 421 000 biting midges were collected, which belonged to 3 subfamilies, 13 genera and 89 species, including one new species recorded Culicoides heilongjiangensis Liu et Ren sp. nov. The subfamily Dasyheleinae belonging to one genus and 5 species, subfamily Forcipomyiinae belonging to 3 genera and 23 species, subfamily Ceratopogoninae belonging to 9 genera and 61 species, and bloodsucking midges of 2 genera and 47 species were recorded. The distribution of 89 known species of biting midges in various cities of Heilongjiang was recorded. Conclusion The investigation informed the faunal distribution of Ceratopogonidae in Heilongjiang, China. C. heilongjiangensis Liu et Ren sp. nov. is alike to C. duddingstoni Kettle et Lawson, 1955 in the wing spots, but the latter is noticeably distinguishable by shape of male hypopygium. Shape of male hypopygium of this new species is also alike to C. poperinghensis Goetghebuer, 1960, but the latter is distinctly characterized by shapes of ninth sternum, ventral root of basistyle, and distal portion of aedeagus. The type specimen is stored at the Shenyang Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, China

Objective To investigate the population composition of bloodsucking midges in Hulin city, Raohe county and Fuyuan county along the Wusulijiang River in Heilongjiang province. Methods Human-baited net traps, light traps, animal-baited traps and insect nets were used to capture bloodsucking midges. Results A total of 131 393 bloodsucking midges were collected, which belonged to 2 genera and 38 species. Seven newly recorded species were found and described. The predominant species was Culicoides punctatus (56.7%). The species composition varied in different habitats, places, months and collecting Methods. C. punctatus presented obvious phototaxis. Conclusion The investigation provided the basis for further studies on the population composition of bloodsucking midges in this area.

Two new species of Culicoides (Fastus) were reported lately from Jilin province: C. (F.) haerbalingensis Liu et Wang, sp.nov. and C. (F.) subchangbaiensis Liu et Ren, sp.nov. Though C. (F.) haerbalingensis Liu et Wang sp.nov. is alike to Culicoides pallidicornis Kieffer, 1919; the latter is noticeably distinguishable by a large but shallow sensory pit in the third segment of palpus and a small pale spot in the anal cell. C. (F.) subchangbaiensis is somewhat alike to Culicoides（F.） changbaiensis Qu et Ye, 1995, but the latter is distinctly characterized by approximately 90 tubercular spinules in the cibarial armature with a palpal ratio (PR) of 3.45; two spermathecae of the same size. The type speciemens are preserved in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenyang Command, Shenyang 110034, China.

　　【Abstract】　Objective　To investigate species composition and ecological habits of rodents from China-Russia frontiers of Heilongjiang province. Methods　The live traps and snap traps were used in this study. Results　A total of 3461 rodents were caught in five cities of China-Russia frontiers, belonging to 3 families 8 genera 11 species. The dominant specie was Apodemus agraius (58.3%). Mus musculus was the dominant species in the indoor, accounting for 75.9%, and Ap.agraius in the field (43.4%). The species composition of rodent varied with habitats, places and months. During active seasons, there were 2 peaks for rodents in the shrubberies and broadleaf woods, 2 peaks for Ap.agraius and Ap.speciosus in the field, and only one peak for M.musculus and Rattus norvegicus in the residential areas. Conclusion　The investigation provided the evidence for the further study on ecology and control of rodents at China-Russia frontier of Heilongjiang province.

　　【Abstract】　Objective　To assess the killing efficacy of three  photosensitizers such as rose bengal（RB）, erythrosin B and  α-terthiophe to the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes albopictus in the laboratory and the field. Methods　The number of dead larvae was recorded after application of RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen at different illumination conditions, and experimental parameters affecting photoinsecticidal was analyzed. The toxicity mechanism of RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen was studied by histochemistry method.  Results　RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen showed less activity in dark .  The killing effect to larvae could reach 100% using 10 or 25 μg/ml RB and 100 or 150 μg/ml erythrosin B after exposed to 320×102 lx of light intensity generated by daylight lamp (100 W) for 6 h. The killing effect of α-terthiophen also achieved 100% at the concentration of 1 μg/ml after exposure to moderate or low intensity sunlight for 5 h. Erythrosin B and α-terthiophen was applied to control Ae.albopictus larvae in the clear water or muddy water of the field respectively. The result showed the killing rates of RB and α-terthiophen were 46% and 49% in the muddy water body, and 67% and 89% in the clear water body. However, that of α-terthiophen reached 98% in the above mentioned water body after continuously exposed to strong sunlight. Severe pathological damage of larvae caused by RB,erythrosin B and α-terthiophen were observed with optical microscopic. The damage were as follows: villus of midgut disappeared,  midgut cells swell and cell nucleus disappeared. Fat body widely distributed under the epidermis and the shape of malpighian tubes was abnormal and its lumens narrowed. Conclusion　RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen are high?efficiency and applied photo-insecticides.

Objective To investigate population community and density of rodents,and the plague serological positive. Methods Rodents were caught by the trap and the arch splint, plague antibody was tested with the serum agglutination test. Results 259 rodents belonging to 5 families 9 genera 10 species were collected. The predominan species were Cricetulus barabensis(39.8%), Spermophilus dauricus(29.0%), Mus musculus(13.5%), and Cricetulus triton(11.6%). The community composition of rodents varied with different habitats and places. The rodent density (average rodents of 10 hectare) was 4.9 rodents in the grassland, the catch rate in field and residence area were 10.5% and 8.0%. Plague antibody of 39 Spermophilus dauricus serum were all negative. Conclusion The investigation provided the referencing basis for the community composition and the rodents control in Taonan district of Jilin province.

Objective To study faunal distribution of blood-sucking horseflies in three province of northeast China. Methods Using animal-baited trap and insect net to collect horseflies, and collecting literatures about distribution of horseflies in three province of northeast China. Results There were 91 species belonging to 7 genera of blood-sucking horseflies known in three province of northeast China, of which 74 species are known in 39 counties and cities in Liaoning, 68 species were known in 26 counties and cities in Jilin province, 61 species were known in 28 counties and cities in Heilongjiang province. 86 species were recorded distributing in North-eastern Zoogeographic Region, of which 79 species were recorded in Changbaishan subterritory, 53 species in Songliao-plains subterritory, 52 species in Daxinganling subterritoy; 39 species are recorded in Eastern-grasslands subterritoy of Mongolia-xinjiang Zoogeographic Region. Conclusion This study provided the basis for faunal distribution of blood-sucking horseflies in three provinces of northeast China.

Objective To investigate species and distribution of mosquitoes from three provinces of Northeast China. Methods Using human-baited net trap,insect net to collect mosquitoes,identifying and collecting data of distribution of mosquitoes from three provinces of Northeast China. Results 68 species belonging to 6 genera were recognized in three provinces of Northeast China,of which 52 species of 4 genera distributed in Heilongjiang province,45 species of 6 genera distributed in Jilin province,41 species of 5 genera distributed in Liaoning provinces. The counties (cities) in which 68 species distributed in three provinces of Northeast China were recorded. Conclusion This study provided the base for faunal distribution of mosquitoes from three provinces of Northeast China.

This paper reports Culicoides(Monoculicoides) taonanensis sp.nov.from Taonan,Jilin province in China.The type specimens are deposited in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang Command,Shenyang 110034,China.Culicoides(Monoculicoides) taonanensis sp.nov.(Fig.1)The new species is somewhat allied to Culicoides homotumus Kieffer,1922 and Culicoides riethi Kieffer,1914 in wing spots,but it distinctly different from the latters in the shape of spermatheca and sensory pit of third segment of palpus of female;the shape of ninth sternum,apicolateral processes of ninth tergum and paramere of male.The new species is also somewhat allied to Culicoides xinghaiensis Yu,1982 in the ninth sternum,but they are distinctly different in the shape of caudal margin of ninth tergum and aedeagus of male.Female: Wing length 1.60 mm.Eyes separated,without interfacetal hairs;antennal ratio(AR)0.89,sensilla coeloconica of antennal on segments 3,8-10;third segment of palpus with a large sensory pit,palpal ratio(PR)2.75.Wing with pale and dark spots,cell M₄ with 2 pale spots.Spermatheca in form of an elongate pear-like sac,with size of 75 μm×50 μm.Male: The ninth sternum with deep "V" excavation.Aedeagus basal arch low,extending to 1/3 of total length of aedeagus,aedeagus basal heals and the tip fork-shaped.Holotype ♀,Jinlin: Taonan,2005-07-15;allotype ♂,paratype 5 ♀,same with the holotype.

Objective To investigate species distribution and species composition on horseflies in 4 cities and counties of frontiers between Korea and Jilin province in China.Methods Using ox-trap method to collect hourseflies.Results 39 species of 5 genera of family Tabanidae have been recorded from 4 cities and counties of frontiers between Korea and Jilin province in China.The number of species in Hunchun,Tumen,Antu,Dunhua is showed as following: 31,27,24,28.The percentage of Hybomitra brevis,Atylous miser,H.stigmoptera of 39 species of collected horseflies is 20.5%,15.6%,14.1%,respectively.During active seasons,there was one peak for H.stigmoptera(in the middle ten days of June),H.brevis(in the middle ten days of June),Tananus pleskei(in the middle ten days of July),A.miser(in the middle ten days of August),andA.rusticus(in the middle ten days of August).Conclusion The predominant species were H.brevis,A.miser and H.stigmoptera in frontiers between Korea and Jilin province in China.The species composition of horseflies varied in different month.

Objective To investigate infested rates and indices of fleas,gamsid mites and chigger mites on the rodents in frontiers of Korea,Russia and Northeast China. Methods To catch rodents by the cage,collection fleas,gamasid mites and chigger mites. Results 10 species rodents were catched in 6 cities and countries. 2 433 fleas were collected,the rodents with total infested rated and infested indices by fleas are 52.2% and 1.7 respectively. Cricetulus triton with higher infested rates and infested indices by fleas are 73.8% and 5.4 respectively. 7 497 gamasid mites were collected,the rodent with total infested rates and infested indices by gamasid mites are 58.3% and 3.8 respectively. The rodent with higher infested rates of gmasid mites isApodemus speciosus(68.0%) ,and higher infested indices by gmasid mites is Cricetulus triton 12.8.It was collected for 9 295 chigger mites,the rodent with total infested rates and infested indices by chigger mites are 31.0% and 6.8 respectively. The rodent with higher infested rates by chigger mites is Clethrionomys rufocanus(92.0%) ,and higher infested indices by chigger mites is Microtus fortis(51.3).Conclusion The infested rates and indices of fleas,gamasid mites,chigger mites on rodeuts in frontiers of Korea,Russia and Northeast China were givea which is favorable for rodents and their ectoparasites control.

We have analyzed 14 patients with Lyme disease by an erroneous diagnosis. These patients at last diagnosed with Lyme disease of nervous system by IFA,ELISA and W.B.. These patients had the features of being a attacked repeately with a disease of damage of nervous system (for example, Guillain-barré syndrome and facial paralysis),no early symptems (fever,erythra), EMG change being neurogenic damage. This study pointed out that a patient from forest region which was a attacked repeately with a disease of damage of nervous system (Guillain-barré syndrome and facial paralysis) and was the history of tick bite might be Lyme disease.