Objective To investigate the bacterial community composition and population diversity in Ixodes persulcatus. Methods Roche 454 high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to determine the highly variable V3 segment of 16S rDNA gene of I. persulcatus in Inner Mongolia. Meanwhile, analyses were performed on bacterial community composition, population diversity, dominant bacterial population, and distribution of common pathogens. Results A total of 22 727 sequences and 1 570 operational taxonomic units were obtained for analysis. The coverage of all samples was greater than or equal to 0.95, which indicated that the number of sequences for sequencing was sufficient for covering basically all the bacterial species. Among the samples, male ticks had the highest richness index and diversity index (2 431 and 4.11, respectively), followed by female ticks and eggs. The dominant bacteria in I. persulcatus were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, sequentially, among which Alphaproteobacteria showed the highest relative abundance. On the genus level, the composition of genera with higher relative abundance varied greatly between different types of samples. Bacteria found in the samples were pathogens (i.e., Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae, Spiroplasma, and Borrelia miyamotoi), environmental bacteria (i.e., Chryseobacterium, Erwinia, and Brevundimonas), and maternally inherited symbiont (i.e., Montezuma). Conclusion There are relatively significant differences in bacterial community composition and abundance between different I. persulcatus samples in Inner Mongolia.
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