Objective Through malaria and typhoid fever outbreak investigation and control in foreign construction project site in Nigeria, experience and guidance were provided for the prevention and control of infectious diseases under the similar situations. Methods Procedures included field visits, retrospective investigation, etiology microscopy of Plasmodium falciparum, blood culture of typhoid fever cases in June, 2013. Results Among the 74 persons on the construction site, 3 was infected by malaria, and 4 by malaria and typhoid, 26 carrying Salmonella typhi, including the 3 chefs. Under the guidance of the advisory group, malaria cases were treated by standard protocols. Cases of typhoid fever and pathogen carriers were isolated and treated. Patients with malaria and typhoid fever as well as other health issues were dispatched back to China for further medical care. Conclusion Elimination of mosquitoes and breeding sources, strengthening personal protection, avoidance of mosquito bites were effective important measures to prevent malaria. It may need further study in Nigeria.