Objective To grasp relationship between the tick species distribution and the distinctive landscape through a survey on ticks from different environments in Xinjiang. Methods Ticks were collected in 10 counties and cities throughout Xinjiang, including Hoxud county and Yuli county in southern Xinjiang and Bole, Habahe, Buerjin, Fuyun, Huocheng,Manas, Wusu and Urumqi in northern Xinjiang between April and June from 2011 to 2015. Free-living ticks were captured by drag-flag and men-bait trap, ticks parasiting in animals were collected from body surface of domestic animals. All ticks were identified morphologically. Results A total of 8 667 ticks belonging to 13 species of 5 genera, were collected from 14 sites of 10 counties in Xinjiang. Ixodes persulcatus and Rhipicephalus turanicus were the predominant species accounting for 20.08% and 19.75% respectively, followed by Dermacentor marginatus and D. silvarum accounting for 17.76% and 16.45% respectively. Hyalomma scupense, Haemaphysalis sculcata, H. punctate and Rhipicephalus rossicus were rare species accounting altogether for 0.40%. Ticks were distributed in Tianshan Mountain and Yili Tianshan valley region, Altai Mountain, Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin. The predominant species was Rh. turanicus (99.68%)in desert steppe of Tianshan Mountain, I. persulcatus (88.28%) was the predominant in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, Ha. concinna(82.42%) in broad-leaved forest of Yili Tianshan valley. Dermacentor niveus (82.64%) in sub desert zone, D. marginatus(100%) in upland meadow, and D. silvarum (55.56%) and D. marginatus (44.44%) in upland steppe of Altai Mountain. Rhipicephalus turanicus (52.44%) and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum (44.07%) were the predominant species in arid land of Junggar Basin; Rhipicephalus (84.76%) in desert steppe and farmland in Tarim Basin, and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum was the only species found in diversifolia in Tarim River. Conclusion It was showed that different predominant species were found distinctively in 4 landscape regionalizations through studying the number of the tick species and the distributional environment type, and the species of tick and tick-borne diseases were determined by the landscape structure in Xinjiang.