Objective To analyze human population's awareness of brucellosis and the related factors of behavior in Qinghai province in Sanjiangyuan area, which can be used as guidance for health education and population intervention. Methods To carry out questionnaire survey in the population of Sanjiangyuan area by the method of random cluster sampling, using Excel to build the database, the statistical analysis of data used was SPSS 17.0. Results Survey of 2491 people, the awareness of basic knowledge was 17.59%, the awareness of brucellosis had significant difference with sex, age and other 5 kinds of factor. Multifactor non conditional logistic regression model showed there were significant statistically relationship between the occupation, education and the awareness of brucellosis. Among the 7 factors that were highly related to brucellosis,“consumption of uncooked meat or offal”had the highest proportion of 69.57%. Conclusion The awareness of brucellosis in high risk population was low in Sanjiangyuan area in Qinghai province, there were high risk behaviors associated with social - economic activities. Customized public outreach and education campaign should be implemented with consideration of disease risk, ethnic culture and other relevant factors to enhance the public awareness of brucellosis in Sanjiangyuan area, Qinghai province, China.