Objective To investigate differentiated rodent control standards based on difference between new afforestation and secondary forest in north China. Methods In each of secondary forest and new afforestation in the Manhan Mountain Forest Farm, 3 sample areas and 3 control areas were selected. In the sample areas, a three?day investigation was performed using poison bait box, followed by live trap capture for four days. Capture rate was calculated accordingly. In the control areas, community composition and quantity of rodents were investigated. Control efficacy was evaluated according to the changes in capture rate after deratization. Results Cricetulus longicaudatus was the predominant species in the new afforestation of Manhan Mountain. Apodemus speciosus was the predominant species in the secondary forest. With the use of PVC box containing type C botulinum toxin as poison bait, the population density of rats in sample areas was significantly decreased as compared with that in control areas (F＝6.46, P＜0.05). Conclusion Type C botulinum toxin shows good palatability and rodent control efficacy in the new afforestation and secondary forest, and it can be widely used in the forest region for rodent control.