1 材料与方法
1.1 监测方法
1.2 资料来源
1.3 相关指标的计算
1.3.1 鼠体染蚤情况
1.3.2 物种多样性
1.3.3 优势种的确定
1.4 统计学分析
2 结果
2.1 宿主动物体表寄生蚤的种类构成
2.2 不同宿主动物寄生蚤的种类构成
表1 河北省鼠疫疫源地1993-2023年不同宿主动物体表寄生蚤构成Tab. 1 Composition of parasitic fleas on the body surface of different host animals in the plague foci of Hebei Province, 1993-2023 |
| 宿主动物 | 调查数(只) | 构成比(%) | 获蚤数量(匹) | 构成比(%) | 种类 | 检获蚤数量(匹) | ||||||||||||||||
| 方形黄鼠蚤 | 光亮额蚤 | 秃病蚤 | 阿巴盖新蚤 | 二齿新蚤 | 短跗鬃眼蚤 | 角尖眼蚤 | 圆指额蚤 | 多刺细蚤 | 宽圆纤蚤 | 特殊纤蚤 | 弱纤蚤 | 缓慢细蚤 | 凶双蚤 | 丛鬃双蚤 | 同型客蚤 | 人蚤 | ||||||
| 布氏田鼠 | 8 | 0.10 | 9 | 0.06 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 达乌尔黄鼠 | 3 105 | 39.77 | 12 559 | 81.91 | 12 | 9 925 | 1 450 | 71 | 536 | 514 | 19 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 东北刺猬 | 2 | 0.03 | 13 | 0.08 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 狗獾 | 2 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 褐家鼠 | 33 | 0.42 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑线毛足鼠 | 110 | 1.41 | 147 | 0.96 | 12 | 39 | 12 | 4 | 8 | 22 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 41 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 黑线仓鼠 | 432 | 5.53 | 600 | 3.91 | 16 | 36 | 100 | 24 | 78 | 178 | 81 | 34 | 1 | 36 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 1 | 0 |
| 小毛足鼠 | 37 | 0.48 | 31 | 0.20 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 蒙古兔 | 1 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 五趾跳鼠 | 47 | 0.60 | 258 | 1.68 | 10 | 8 | 50 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 67 | 120 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 小家鼠 | 33 | 0.42 | 2 | 0.01 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 麝鼹 | 1 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 长爪沙鼠 | 3 907 | 50.05 | 1 657 | 10.81 | 14 | 351 | 119 | 747 | 71 | 123 | 22 | 7 | 2 | 14 | 19 | 14 | 33 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 131 | 0 |
| 子午沙鼠 | 88 | 1.13 | 53 | 0.35 | 7 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| 艾鼬 | 1 | 0.01 | 4 | 0.03 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 合计 | 7 807 | 100.00 | 15 333 | 100.00 | 17 | 10 373 | 1 751 | 853 | 705 | 848 | 201 | 172 | 19 | 119 | 41 | 17 | 36 | 7 | 4 | 24 | 153 | 10 |
2.3 各年度宿主体表寄生蚤的染蚤率、蚤指数及生态学指数
表2 河北省鼠疫自然疫源地1993-2023年各年度宿主动物的染蚤率、蚤指数和生态学指数Tab. 2 Flea infestation rate, flea index, and ecological index of host animals in the natural plague foci of Hebei Province, 1993-2023 |
| 年度 | 染蚤率(%) | 蚤指数 | 物种数(种) | 多样性指数 | 均匀度指数 | 优势度 |
| 1993 | 40.86 | 1.80 | 6 | 1.067 | 0.596 | 0.453 |
| 1994 | 9.71 | 0.27 | 6 | 1.413 | 0.789 | 0.337 |
| 1995 | 62.26 | 3.23 | 3 | 0.441 | 0.402 | 0.787 |
| 1996 | 17.33 | 0.39 | 7 | 1.645 | 0.845 | 0.239 |
| 1997 | 84.16 | 5.29 | 6 | 0.902 | 0.503 | 0.554 |
| 1998 | 37.21 | 0.91 | 4 | 1.144 | 0.826 | 0.364 |
| 1999 | 22.52 | 0.51 | 4 | 0.949 | 0.684 | 0.482 |
| 2000 | 26.13 | 0.58 | 4 | 0.922 | 0.665 | 0.526 |
| 2001 | 53.65 | 1.55 | 6 | 1.095 | 0.611 | 0.435 |
| 2002 | 44.87 | 1.22 | 9 | 1.121 | 0.510 | 0.454 |
| 2003 | 30.84 | 0.82 | 10 | 1.023 | 0.444 | 0.574 |
| 2004 | 40.08 | 0.68 | 6 | 1.353 | 0.755 | 0.349 |
| 2005 | 44.92 | 1.72 | 8 | 1.459 | 0.702 | 0.343 |
| 2006 | 47.78 | 2.58 | 10 | 1.042 | 0.453 | 0.538 |
| 2007 | 73.48 | 3.98 | 7 | 0.683 | 0.351 | 0.677 |
| 2008 | 66.67 | 5.34 | 12 | 0.906 | 0.365 | 0.592 |
| 2009 | 50.79 | 2.14 | 8 | 0.967 | 0.465 | 0.572 |
| 2010 | 44.55 | 3.14 | 8 | 1.038 | 0.499 | 0.506 |
| 2011 | 24.65 | 1.16 | 6 | 0.747 | 0.417 | 0.647 |
| 2012 | 34.65 | 2.11 | 13 | 1.216 | 0.474 | 0.501 |
| 2013 | 38.11 | 2.16 | 11 | 1.216 | 0.507 | 0.443 |
| 2014 | 94.17 | 5.85 | 8 | 1.032 | 0.496 | 0.507 |
| 2015 | 68.84 | 2.83 | 8 | 1.343 | 0.646 | 0.363 |
| 2016 | 42.94 | 2.54 | 8 | 1.083 | 0.521 | 0.514 |
| 2017 | 42.78 | 2.04 | 8 | 1.232 | 0.592 | 0.429 |
| 2018 | 67.77 | 3.74 | 7 | 1.096 | 0.563 | 0.487 |
| 2019 | 55.06 | 3.30 | 8 | 1.149 | 0.552 | 0.491 |
| 2020 | 33.11 | 1.39 | 13 | 1.757 | 0.685 | 0.260 |
| 2021 | 38.54 | 2.29 | 11 | 1.332 | 0.555 | 0.438 |
| 2022 | 22.89 | 1.01 | 10 | 1.345 | 0.584 | 0.367 |
| 2023 | 30.07 | 1.92 | 12 | 0.996 | 0.402 | 0.602 |
| 平均 | 39.73 | 1.96 | 7.97 | 1.135 | 0.560 | 0.473 |