Objective To investigate the population composition, density distribution, and seasonal fluctuations of cockroaches in different habitats in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for cockroach control. Methods From 2017 to 2021, cockroaches were monitored using the sticky trap method in six types of habitats (farmers' markets, catering industry, hotels, supermarkets, residential areas, and hospitals) in 15 counties/districts/cities of Hangzhou. Excel 2016 and SPSS 20.0 softwares were used for data collation and statistical analysis of cockroach species composition and density distribution. Density and seasonality by year and habitat were compared. One-way analysis of variance was performed to test for differences in cockroach density. The Chi-square test was conducted to compare the infestation rate and composition ratio of cockroaches. Results A total of 32 978 cockroaches were captured in the city from 2017 to 2021, with an average density of 0.58 cockroaches/trap and an average infestation rate of 5.53%. Among them, Blattella germanica was the dominant species, accounting for 99.05% of the total catches. The cockroach density and infestation rate were highest in farmers' markets, followed by catering industry, supermarkets, hotels, residential areas, and hospitals. In general, cockroach average density showed a unimodal trend, peaking in November, while the cockroach infestation rate showed a bimodal trend, with peaks in January and September, respectively. For farmers' markets, both the cockroach density and infestation rate had two peaks throughout a year, which occurred in January and November, respectively. Conclusions B. germanica was the dominant species in Hangzhou. Farmers' markets and catering industry should be the focus of cockroach control. The cockroach infestation rate mainly peaks in summer and autumn, while cockroach density mainly peaks in winter. Comprehensive control measures should be taken before the peak of cockroach activity based on seasonal fluctuations in cockroach density and the infestation rate in various habitats, so as to control the density and infestation rate of cockroaches.
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