Objective To investigate the species, density, and seasonal fluctuations of flies in different regions of Shanxi Province, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment and prevention and control of flies and fly-borne diseases. Methods Fly density data during May to November at three national surveillance sites in Shanxi Province from 2018 to 2022 were collected to characterize fly density by year and habitat and fly seasonality. Excel 2010 software was used for data collation. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform one-way analysis of variance to analyze the difference in fly density between different years, regions, and habitats. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 1 609 fly traps were deployed, and 6 400 flies were caught. The average density of flies was 3.98 flies/trap. Fly density was highest in 2020 (7.72 flies/trap), followed by 2021 (5.01 flies/trap), and lowest in 2022 (1.62 flies/trap). The dominant species were Musca domestica and Sarcophagidae flies, accounting for 81.94% and 7.94%, respectively. Fly density showed a single peak during July to August. Among the three national surveillance sites, the density of flies in Jinzhong was highest (6.98 flies/trap), while that in Taiyuan was lowest (1.39 flies/trap). There was a significant difference in fly density between different areas (F=10.895, P<0.001). In terms of habitats, farmers' markets had the highest fly density (6.92 flies/trap), followed by restaurant surroundings (4.10 flies/trap), and green belts had the lowest density (1.60 flies/trap), showing a significant difference between different habitats (F=4.626, P=0.003). Conclusions Musca domestica is the dominant fly species in human settlements and surrounding environments in Shanxi Province, and farmers' markets and restaurant surroundings are key places of activity for flies. It is recommended to take control measures before the peak of fly activity to reduce the density of flies and the occurrence of fly-borne infectious diseases.
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