Objective: To investigate the current situation of vector control and personnel involved in grassroots centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) in Gansu Province, China after the implementation of various vector-related financial projects, so as to provide a reference and basis for further improving the ability of vector surveillance and control at the grassroots level. Methods: The basic information of professional and technical personnel of vector biology and the laboratory equipment at prefecture- and county-levels were collected through interviews and questionnaires on vector workers in grassroots CDCs of Gansu province. Office 2010 and SPSS 19.0 were used for data processing and statistical analysis. Results: The coverage rate of vector surveillance sites in counties/cities/districts in Gansu Province reached 57.47% (50/87), including 19 counties/cities/districts in 9 prefecture-level cities with national surveillance sites and 31 counties/cities/districts in 14 prefecture-level cities with provincial surveillance sites. The average number of technical personnel engaged in vector surveillance per prefecture-level city was 2.79, of whom personnel in preventive medicine accounted for 53.85%, and personnel aged under 30 years accounted for 25.64%. The average number of technical personnel per county/city/district) was 1.54, of whom personnel in preventive medicine accounted for 49.35%, and personnel aged under 30 years accounted for 35.06%. County-level CDCs mainly carried out vector ecological surveillance, and some prefecture-level CDCs had the ability to carry out mosquito and rodent etiological surveillance. Only Baiyin carried out insecticide resistance surveillance of vectors. The output of research papers and scientific research of professionals and technical personnels was not high. Conclusions: In the face of new challenges in vector control, the ability of vector surveillance and control in Gansu Province remains to be improved. Prefecture- and county-level CDCs have insufficient funding for vector surveillance, and the number and quality of staff are not high. It is necessary to improve the ability by means of further study, step-by-step training, on-site guidance, or visiting and learning in other units.