Objective To preliminarily understand the situation of ectoparasitic infestation on Miniopterus fuliginosus in some regions of Yunnan province, China as well as related ecological patterns.Methods From 2020 to 2022, M. fuliginosus was captured by mist nets at six sampling sites (Fumin county and Jinning district in Kunming, Mouding county in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Zhanyi district in Qujing, Binchuan county in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, and Simao district in Pu’er in Yunnan province), followed by ectoparasite collection for sorting and identification. The constituent ratio (Cr ), prevalence (PM ), mean abundance (MA), and mean intensity (MI) of ectoparasites on M. fuliginosus were calculated. The dominance index (Y) was used to determine the dominant species of ectoparasites on M. fuliginosus. The patchiness index (m*/m) was used to determine the spatial distribution of dominant species. The association coefficient (V) was used to analyze the relationship between dominant species. The Fisher’s exact test and nonparametric rank sum test were used to analyze the sex difference of ectoparasitic infestation.Results A total of 77 M. fuliginosus bats were captured, with 498 ectoparasites collected from their body surfaces, which mainly included gamasid mites (Cr =33.53%, PM=55.84%, MA=2.17, and MI=3.88) and bat flies (Cr =64.66%, PM=93.51%, MA=4.18, and MI=4.47). The dominant species were Nycteribia allotopa (Y=0.293) and N. parvula (Y=0.203). The patchiness index analysis showed that both N. allotopa (m*/m=1.366) and N. parvula (m*/m=2.460) were distributed in an aggregated way on different host individuals. The association coefficient analysis showed a positive association between N. allotopa and N. parvula (V=0.248, P=0.026). There were no statistical differences in the prevalence rates of bat flies, gamasid mites, and all ectoparasites between male and female M. fuliginosus.Conclusions Ectoparasitic infestation was prevalent on M. fuliginosus in Yunnan province, with low species diversity and simple community structure that mainly included gamasid mites and bat flies.
[1] 范宝珠,黄晓宾,郭宪国,等. 云南省中华菊头蝠体表寄生虫感染状况[J]. 中国热带医学,2022,22(3):229-233. DOI:10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2022.03.07.Fan BZ,Huang XB,Guo XG,et al. Ectoparasites on body surface of Rhinolophus sinicus in Yunnan[J]. China Trop Med,2022,22(3):229-233. DOI:10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2022.03.07.(in Chinese)
[2] Fenton MB,Mubareka S,Tsang SM,et al. COVID-19 and threats to bats[J]. Facets,2020,5(1):349-352.DOI:10.1139/facets-2020-0028.
[3] Brook CE,Bai Y,Dobson AP,et al. Bartonella spp. in fruit bats and blood-feeding ectoparasites in Madagascar[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2015,9(2):e0003532. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd. 0003532.
[4] Morand S,Krasnov BR,Poulin R. Micromammals and macroparasites:From evolutionary ecology to management[M]. Tokyo:Springer,2006:179-194. DOI:10.1007/978-4-431-36025-4.
[5] Kimprasit T,Nunome M,Iida K,et al. Dispersal history of Miniopterus fuliginosus bats and their associated viruses in east Asia[J]. PLoS One,2021,16(1):e0244006. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0244006.
[6] 潘清华,王应祥,岩崑. 中国哺乳动物彩色图鉴[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社,2007:41-76.Pan QH,Wang YX,Yan K. A field guide to the mammals of China[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Press,2007:41-76. (in Chinese)
[7] 中国科学院中国动物志编辑委员会. 中国经济昆虫志.第四十册.蜱螨亚纲:皮刺螨总科[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1993:301-366.Editorial Committee of Zoology of China,Chinese Academy of Sciences. Economic insect fauna of China,Fasc. 40,Acari:Dermanyssoideae[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1993:301-366. (in Chinese)
[8] Theodor O. An illustrated catalogue of the Rothschild collection of Nycteribiidae[M]. London:The British Museum,1967:43-46.
[9] 丁帆,刘昕航,郭宪国,等. 云南省锡金小鼠体表革螨感染分析[J]. 动物学杂志,2021,56(2):240-246. DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.202102009.Ding F,Liu XH,Guo XG,et al. Analysis of gamasid mites (Acari:Mesostigmata) on Mus pahari in Yunnan province[J]. Chin J Zool,2021,56(2):240-246. DOI:10.13859/j.cjz. 202102009.(in Chinese)
[10] 张聪,葛星,赵磊,等. 双斑长跗萤叶甲越冬卵在玉米田的空间分布型[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(11):3452-3459. DOI:10.5846/stxb201203210387.Zhang C,Ge X,Zhao L,et al. The spatial distribution pattern of overwintering egg of Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) in corn field[J]. Acta Ecol Sin,2013,33(11):3452-3459. DOI:10.5846/stxb201203210387.(in Chinese)
[11] Liu Z,Guo XG,Fan R,et al. Ecological analysis of gamasid mites on the body surface of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Yunnan province,Southwest China[J]. Biologia,2020,75(9):1325-1336. DOI:10.2478/s11756-019-00383-z.
[12] Postawa T,Furman A. Abundance patterns of ectoparasites infesting different populations of Miniopterus species in their contact zone in Asia Minor[J]. Acta Chiropt,2014,16(2):387-395. DOI:10.3161/150811014X687341.
[13] 陈雁翎,郭宪国,任天广,等. 云南省2001-2015年东亚屋顶鼠体表螨类生态学分析[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志,2021,25(12):1470-1475. DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.12.020.Chen YL,Guo XG,Ren TG,et al. Ecological analysis of mites on the body surface of Rattus brunneusculus in Yunnan province from 2001 to 2015[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev,2021,25(12):1470-1475. DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.12.020.(in Chinese)
[14] 李贝,郭宪国,任天广,等. 云南省短尾鼩体表螨类感染及相关生态分析[J]. 动物学杂志,2021,56(5):686-695. DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.202105006.Li B,Guo XG,Ren TG,et al. Infestation and related ecological analyses of mites on mole shrews (Anourosorex squamipes) in Yunnan province[J]. Chin J Zool,2021,56(5):686-695. DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.202105006.(in Chinese)
[15] Pejić B,Budinski I,Van Schaik J,et al. Sharing roosts but not ectoparasites:High host-specificity in bat flies and wing mites of Miniopterus schreibersii and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Mammalia:Chiroptera)[J]. Curr Zool,2022,68(5):507-516. DOI:10.1093/cz/zoab086.
[16] Nabeshima K,Sato S,Kabeya H,et al. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella species from bat flies on eastern bent-wing bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus) in Japan[J]. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis,2020,73:101570. DOI:10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101570.
[17] Lee H,Seo MG,Lee SH,et al. Relationship among bats,parasitic bat flies,and associated pathogens in Korea[J]. Parasites Vectors,2021,14(1):503. DOI:10.1186/s13071-021-05016-6.
[18] Tai YL,Lee YF,Kuo YM,et al. Effects of host state and body condition on parasite infestation of bent-wing bats[J]. Front Zool,2022,19(1):12. DOI:10.1186/s12983-022-00457-w.
[19] Sándor AD,Péter Á,Corduneanu A,et al. Wide distribution and diversity of malaria-related haemosporidian parasites (Polychromophilus spp.) in bats and their ectoparasites in Eastern Europe[J]. Microorganisms,2021,9(2):230. DOI:10.3390/microorganisms9020230.
[20] Cicek H,Stanyukovich MK,Yagci S,et al. Gamasine mite (Parasitiformes,Mesostigmata) infestations of bats (Mammalia,Chiroptera) in Turkey[J]. Acta Parasitol,2007,52(3):247-249. DOI:10.2478/s11686-007-0038-8.
[21] Uhrin M,Kaňuch P,Krištofík J,et al. Phenotypic plasticity in the greater mouse-eared bat in extremely different roost conditions[J]. Acta Theriol,2010,55(2):153-164. DOI:10.4098/j.at.0001-7051.073.2009.
[22] 田庆云,顾以铭. 山西省蝙蝠体上的革螨及巨刺螨属二新种的记述(蜱螨亚纲:蝠螨科、巨刺螨科)[J]. 动物分类学报,1992,17(1):37-41.Tian QY,Gu YM. Gamasid mites on bat from Shanxi with descriptions of two new species of Macronyssus (Acari:Spinturnicidae,Macronyssidae)[J]. Acta Zootaxonom Sin,1992,17(1):37-41. (in Chinese)
[23] Burazerović J,Orlova M,Obradović M,et al. Patterns of abundance and host specificity of bat ectoparasites in the central Balkans[J]. J Med Entomol,2018,55(1):20-28. DOI:10.1093/jme/tjx189.
[24] Reeves WK,Dowling APG,Dasch GA. Rickettsial agents from parasitic dermanyssoidea (Acari:Mesostigmata)[J]. Exp Appl Acarol,2006,38(2):181-188. DOI:10.1007/s10493-006-0007-1.
