Objective To analyze the ecological monitoring data of Aedes vector in Wuhan, China, 2018-2021, and to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods The Breteau index (BI) and double layered mosquito net methods were used for ecological monitoring of Aedes larvae and adults, respectively. All data were collected by Excel 2010 and statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Differences in BI at different time points were analyzed by Chi-square test, and differences in net trap index between different habitats at different time points by analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test; the risk of dengue fever transmission was assessed. Results In 2018-2021, the mean BI was 4.50, and the net trap index was 2.44 mosquitoes/net·h. The density index of Aedes fell to the lowest level in 2019 and showed an upward trend in 2020-2021. Meanwhile, the net trap index in residential areas was higher than that in waste tire stacking sites (H=29.468, P<0.001). The seasonal fluctuation was not completely consistent in different years; the peak BI value was observed from June to August, and the peak net trap index was observed in July and August. In 2018-2021, 64.52% (20/31) of the monitored months presented a risk of dengue fever transmission, and the BI value reached the risk threshold of dengue fever outbreak in July and August in 2021. Conclusion The fluctuation trend of vector Aedes mosquito density is on the rise in Wuhan, and the risk of dengue fever transmission has increased. Aedes vector control measures should be strengthened and improved.
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