Objective To summarize and analyze the species and number of vector fleas and the current situation of Yersinia pestis in them in the plague foci of Meriones unguiculatus in Ulanqab Plateau, Inner Mongolia, China, 2011-2020, and to analyze the epidemic characteristics of plague in natural foci, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of plague. Methods Year-round flea monitoring was carried out in 20 banners (counties) of leagues (cities) in plague foci of M. unguiculatus in Ulanqab Plateau, Inner Mongolia. Sampling was stratified by habitats, and various rodent ectoparasitic fleas and nest fleas were captured and were identified using opaque specimens, counted, and registered for the isolation of Y. pestis. Excel 2003 software was used to analyze the species and number of fleas and Y. pestis infection in different years by descriptive epidemiology. Results From 2011 to 2020, a total of 41 930 fleas were collected from the plague foci of M.unguiculatus in Ulanqab Plateau, Inner Mongolia, including 3 superfamilies, 5 families, 14 genera, and 28 species (subspecies). The number of species of fleas captured each year varied from 17 to 23, with an average of 18.8 species per year. The number of fleas captured in each year were 2 012-7 979, with an average of 4 193 fleas captured each year. Yersinia pestis was isolated from 163 fleas of 3 species (subspecies) in 5 years, including 9 fleas of 1 species in 2011, 53 fleas of 2 species in 2017-2018, and 101 fleas of 3 species in 2019-2020. The flea infection rate of M. unguiculatus was 22.72% and the flea index was 0.67. Conclusion In recent years, the ecological environment of Ulanqab Plateau in Inner Mongolia changed due to natural and social factors, the species, number, and Y. pestis infection of plague-vector fleas showed some new characteristics. Nosopsyllus laeviceps. Xenopsylla conformis, and Neopsylla bidentatiformis were the dominant species, while the Neo. pleskei orientalis decreased greatly. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen the monitoring and research of vector fleas in this area to prevent the spread of plague to humans.
ZHANG Chen-xi, LI Jian-yun, LIU Fang, FENG Yi-lan, FAN Meng-guang
. Analysis of vector fleas in the plague foci of Meriones unguiculatus in Ulanqab Plateau, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022
, 33(6)
: 895
-899
.
DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.06.024
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