Objective To investigate the prevalence of 4 rodent-borne pathogens in small mammals in some areas of Shandong province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases. Methods From 2020 to 2021, small mammals’ liver, kidney, spleen, and lung samples were collected in Dongying, Weifang, Weihai, Linyi, Binzhou, and Heze of Shandong province. TaqMan fluorescent probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Leptospira and Bartonella. TaqMan fluorescent probe-based real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect hantavirus and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Excel 2016 and SPSS 20.0 softwares were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 973 small mammals were collected, including 454 Rattus norvegicus, 441 Mus musculus, 21 R. tanezumi, 52 Apodemus agrarius, 4 Sorex spp., and 1 species of Cricetulus. The assay of lung tissues showed that 26 (2.67%) were positive for hantavirus. The assay of liver, spleen, and kidney tissues showed that 13 (1.34%) were positive for Leptospira and 36 (3.70%) were positive for Bartonella. No SFTSV was detected. The co-infection rate with hantavirus and Bartonella was 0.62% in R. norvegicus. Conclusion Small mammals in Shandong province carry a variety of pathogens including hantavirus, Leptospira, and Bartonella. It is necessary to strengthen the rodent-borne pathogen surveillance in small mammals and optimize the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases to reduce the risk of human infection.
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