Objective To investigate the response characteristics of arginine kinase genes CpAK1 and CpAK2 of Culex pipiens pallens to temperature and humidity stresses. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels in adult Cx. pipiens pallens under 38 ℃/4 ℃ and 100%/20% relative humidity. Results CpAK1 mRNA level was up-regulated 3.46 and 3.53 folds at 38 ℃ and 4 ℃, respectively, and peaked at 6 h at both temperatures. CpAK2 mRNA level was statistically down-regulated at 38 ℃ and 4 ℃ (P<0.05). The protein levels of CpAK1 and CpAK2 showed similar trends to their mRNA levels at 38 ℃ and 4 ℃. At 20% relative humidity, CpAK1 mRNA expression was statistically up-regulated 4.30 folds at 6 h (P<0.05), while CpAK2 mRNA level was down-regulated to 45.45% at 12 h. At 100% relative humidity, CpAK1 mRNA expression showed no significant change, while CpAK2 mRNA level was statistically down-regulated (P<0.01). The protein levels of CpAK1 and CpAK2 showed similar trends to their mRNA expression under different temperature and humidity stresses. Conclusion The mRNA and protein levels of CpAK1 and CpAK2 vary significantly under different temperature and humidity stresses. In general, CpAK1 is up-regulated, while CpAK2 is down-regulated. It is speculated that CpAK1 and CpAK2 have different functions in the stress response of Cx. pipiens pallens.
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