Objective To investigate the effect of rotenone on the gut microbiota of Blattella germanica and the reason for the low toxicity of rotenone against B.germanica.Methods The gut microbiota of B.germanica were eliminated by feeding antibiotics,and then normal B.germanica cockroaches and the B.germanica cockroaches with eliminated gut microbiota were fed with rotenone to observe the influence of gut microbiota on the insecticidal activity of rotenone.In addition,gut genomic DNA was extracted from normal B.germanica cockroaches after feeding rotenone,and normal B.germanica cockroaches not fed with rotenone were used as control.Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the sequence of the V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA,and the number of sequences and operational taxonomic units were used to analyze the composition and abundance of microflora,the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities,and the changes in bacterial composition across different treatment methods.SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis,and the independent samples t-test was used for difference analysis.R language software was used for heatmap clustering analysis and principal component analysis.Results Compared with the normal B.germanica cockroaches,the B.germanica cockroaches with eliminated gut microbiota had a significant reduction in survival rate after treatment with rotenone (t=8.485,P<0.001).16S rRNA sequencing obtained 128 genera,78 families,and 19 phyla of bacteria.Diversity analysis showed that the B.germanica cockroaches treated with rotenone had significantly higher ACE and Chao1 indices than the normal cockroaches (t=-2.990,P=0.040;t=-4.227,P=0.013).The analysis of bacterial community abundance showed that compared with the normal B.germanica cockroaches,the B.germanica cockroaches treated with rotenone had significantly higher relative abundances of Mitochondria,Bacteroidaceae,and Rikenellaceae (t=-12.178,P<0.001;t=-4.087,P=0.014;t=-3.570,P=0.026) and significantly lower relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae,Syntrophomonadaceae,Caulobacteraceae,and Enterobacteriaceae (t=10.662,P<0.001;t=8.242,P=0.001;t=4.394,P=0.012;t=3.421,P=0.025;t=3.038,P=0.041).Heatmap clustering analysis showed that the rotenone treatment group and the control group were in different primary branches,and the principal component analysis showed similar bacterial diversity between the samples in the same treatment.Conclusion Gut microbiota may play an role in host resistance to rotenone toxicity,and rotenone has a great impact on the community structure of the gut microbiota of B.germanica.Improving insecticidal activity by destroying the community structure of the gut microbiota of insects may provide a new idea for the application of plant-derived pesticides in pest control.
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