Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus cases reported in Hubei province, China from 2009 to 2020, and provide scientific evidence for formulating control strategies and measures. Methods The data about cases of scrub typhus reported in Hubei province from 2009 to 2020 were collected from the National Disease Reporting Information System in China. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence, mortality, and regional, temporal, and population distributions of scrub typhus with the use of Excel 2010, SPSS 19.0, and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares. Results A total of 364 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Hubei province from 2009 to 2020, including 220 clinically diagnosed cases, 18 confirmed cases, and 126 suspected cases, in which one death was reported. The annual incidence rate was at a mean level of 0.01/100 000 during 2009 to 2015, and has been on the rise since 2016, reaching 0.17/100 000 in 2020 (42.50 times the incidence of 0.004/100 000 in 2009). Over the past 12 years, scrub typhus occurred in a total of 61 counties/districts in 15 cities/prefectures across the province, and 85.71% patients were distributed in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Shiyan, and Huanggang. It occurred mainly in April to October. Most cases (70.88%) were aged between 40 and 69 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.78. Farmers accounted for 69.50% of the total reported cases. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 5 days. Clinically diagnosed cases accounted for the highest proportion (60.44%). The cases were mainly reported from county-level general hospitals. Conclusion Scrub typhus has been on the rise since 2016 in Hubei province, with rapid spreading in the affected areas, characterized by obvious regionality and seasonality and farmers being the most involved population. High-incidence areas should strengthen rodent and mite surveillance, primary-level laboratories' scrub typhus diagnostic capacity, and key populations' health education, so as to reduce the infection risk and control the epidemic of scrub typhus.
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