Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) as well as the species composition and Hantavirus infection status of host animals in Quzhou, Zhejiang province, China, and to provide a reference for formulating scientific prevention and control measures. Methods The incidence data of HFRS in Quzhou from 2006 to 2020 were analyzed. The night snap-trapping method was used to capture small mammals to calculate the capture rate and analyze the species composition of small mammals. The lungs and blood of the small mammals were collected to detect Hantavirus antigen and antibody for information on hantavirus infection among the small mammals. The Chi-squared test was used to compare the rates. Results A total of 720 cases of HFRS were reported in Quzhou from 2006 to 2020, with an average annual incidence rate of 2.13/100 000. Of those, there were two deaths, with a fatality rate of 0.28%. The cases were mainly aged between 30 and 69 years, accounting for 92.08% of total cases. Farmers accounted for 80.14% of total cases. The male-to-female ratio was 2.35:1. The incidence of HFRS peaked during May to July and October to next January. The average annual incidence was highest in Kaihua county, which was 8.81/100 000. The indoor and outdoor capture rates of small mammals were 5.57% and 6.14%, respectively, showing a statistical difference (χ2=7.374, P=0.007). Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species indoors, accounting for 41.18%, and Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species outdoors, accounting for 62.97%. There was a statistical difference in the species composition of small mammals indoors and outdoors (χ2=1 343.773, P<0.001). The antigen-positive rate of Hantavirus averaged 2.42%, and differed statistically between different species of small mammals (χ2=17.260, P=0.004). The serum antibody-positive rate for Hantavirus averaged 6.71%, and differed statistically between different species of small mammals (χ2=32.923,P<0.001). Conclusion There is a high density of small mammals and a high infection rate of Hantavirus among these small mammals in Quzhou. Cases of HFRS are mainly middle-aged and elderly, with high proportions of males and farmers. Its incidence shows double peaks in summer and winter. It is still necessary to strengthen comprehensive control measures combining HFRS monitoring, rodent control, health education, and vaccination for prevention and control of HFRS.
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