Objective To investigate the variation in the population and density of small mammals in Yichang section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and to provide a basis for scientific surveillance, prevention, and control. Methods The surveillance data of small mammals in Yichang section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in 1997-2020 were collected to analyze the changes in population distribution and density using Excel 16.0, SPSS 20.0, and Joinpoint 4.8 softwares. Results In 1997-2020, nine species of small mammals were found in Yichang section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and 1 059 small mammals were captured, with a mean rodent density of 1.56%. The rodent density was 2.94% in residential area and showed a trend of reduction year by year (P<0.05), and the dominant species were Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and R. tanezumi. The rodent density was 1.03% in farming area and fluctuated at a relatively low level (P>0.05), and the dominant species were R. losea and Apodemus agrarius. Conclusion After the operation of the Three Gorges Project, there is no significant change in the density of small mammals in the residential and farming areas in Yichang section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, but there is still a risk of rodent-borne diseases, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of small mammals and the work of deratization.
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