Objective To infect Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with Bartonella henselae strains and measure the dynamic changes of bacteremia and antibody in rats. Methods SD rats were infected by subcutaneous multi-point injection of different concentrations of B. henselae suspension. Whole blood was collected and diluted for culture. The heart, liver, spleen, and kidney were homogenized and isolated for culture. The probable B. henselae colony nucleic acids were extracted, and the citrate synthase gene (gltA) was amplified by PCR for sequence analysis. The antibody changes were measured by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the differences in the positive rate between different tissues, different suspension concentrations, and different days of infection using the Chi-square test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results A total of 90 whole blood samples, 82 tissue samples, and 21 serum samples were collected, all of which were negative for culture. For whole blood samples, the positive rate of the nucleic acid was 30.56% (22/72), and positive samples were found on days 1, 3, and 5, with the highest positive rate of 100% occurring in the low-dose group and high-dose group on day 3. For tissue samples, the positive rate of the nucleic acid was 22.86% (16/70), and positive samples were found on days 3 and 5; the renal tissues showed the highest positive rate (7/16) and the most persistent positive status (lasting 5 days), and the liver tissues had the second highest positive rate (5/18). The antibody was present in 6 of 18 serum samples detected, beginning on the 7th day since infection till the 14th day when the experiment ended. No significant difference was observed in the positive rate between different dose groups (F=3.243, P=0.082, by two-way ANOVA) or between different types of samples (χ2=7.655, P=0.057, by the Fisher's exact test). The positive rate showed a significant difference between different times of infection (F=11.770, P=0.001, by two-way ANOVA), and specifically between the 3rd day and the 1st, 5th, 7th, 10th, or 14th day (all P<0.05). Conclusion B. henselae can infect SD rats for a short time, with nucleic acid positive rate peaking on the 3rd day of infection. The antibody can last at least two weeks since infection.
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