Objective To investigate the prevalence, abundance difference, and genetic relationship of Wolbachia in Aedes albopictus population in Hainan province, China, and to provide a basis for the biological control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Methods From July to September 2018, eight counties/cities in Hainan province, Lingshui, Ding'an, Haikou, Wenchang, Sanya, Ledong, Tunchang, and Wuzhishan, were selected in this study. After field collection of adult mosquitoes, morphology and cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ (COⅠ) gene were used to identify the mosquito species; the 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions were used to identify the microbial species in their midgut; the chi-square test was used to analyze whether there was a significant difference in Wolbachia abundance in the midgut microbiota of Ae. albopictus between different areas. MEGA 7.0 software was used to analyze the genetic distances between the obtained gene sequences. Results Among the microorganisms in the midgut of Ae. albopictus in Hainan province, Wolbachia accounted for a relatively high proportion in Ding'an county (84.67%), Sanya city (80.34%), Lingshui county (68.77%), and Haikou city (56.89%), and was the dominant species; the infection rates in Ledong county (1.50%) and Wuzhishan city (0.01%) were extremely low. The abundance of Wolbachia in the midgut microbiota was significantly different between different areas (χ2=322.950, P<0.001). The genetic distance analysis suggested that there were exchanges of Wolbachia strains between different areas, and there were some differences in genes between the Wolbachia strains in the same region. Conclusion The midgut of Ae. albopictus has a high infection rate with Wolbachia in Hainan province, but there are low infection rates in Ledong county and Wuzhishan city; there are certain differences in the abundance of Wolbachia in the midgut of Ae. albopictus between different areas; there is genetic diversity among the Wolbachia strains in various areas.
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