Objective To investigate mosquito population distribution and mosquito virus infection in Wudu district, Longnan, Gansu province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Methods Adult mosquito density was monitored in Wudu district from 2017 to 2019 using the light trapping method. Specific real-time PCR was used to detect Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) in captured mosquitoes. Results A total of 15 796 female mosquitoes were captured from 2017 to 2019. The dominant species were Culex pipiens pallens (49.30%) and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (45.59%). The mosquito density was highest in livestock sheds (104.76 mosquitoes/light·night). Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the most abundant in livestock sheds (77.96%), followed by farmhouses (9.17%). The annual mean mosquito density increased continuously, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=32.955, P<0.05). Mosquito density showed unimodal distribution and peaked in June to August, with the highest density in July 2019 (143.05 mosquitoes/light·night). The number of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus captured from June to August accounted for 92.20% (6 639/7 201) of the total number of this species. A total of 28 specimens were made from the 1 074 female mosquitoes captured from July 29 to 30, 2019 and sent to the Virus Laboratory of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention for nucleic acid detection of JEV and WNV, and the positive rates of JEV and WNV were 21.43% (6/28) and 0, respectively. Conclusion The density of mosquito vectors in Wudu district was relatively high, the proportion of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus increased from 2017 to 2019, and JEV was detected in mosquitoes. The high risk of mosquito-borne infectious diseases requires intensified mosquito control measures to reduce mosquito density and effectively suppress the occurrence of mosquito-borne infectious diseases.
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