Objective To investigate the distribution of Bartonella in different tissues of rodents with natural infections. Methods The night trapping method was used to capture rodents around Mishan Port of Heilongjiang province, China in May 2018. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were homogenized and incubated, and Bartonella DNA was extracted from suspected colonies. Citrate synthase gene (gltA) was PCR-amplified and sequenced to determine the species of Bartonella. The infection rates of these tissues were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 81 rodents of seven species were captured, including Apodemus agrarius (68, 84.0%), Microtus fortis, M. maximowiczii, Tamias sibiricus, and others. Bartonella strains were isolated from 45 rodents of four species, with an overall infection rate of 55.6%. The infection rates of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were 38.3% (31/81), 39.5% (32/81), 42.0% (34/81), 32.1% (26/81), and 45.7% (37/81), respectively, which were not significantly different from each other (χ2=5.623, P=0.229). The 45 isolates were identified as seven species of Bartonella, i.e., B. grahamii, B. heixiaziensis, B. japonica, B. coopersplainsensis, B. taylorii, B. washoensis, and a novel species. B. grahamii was the predominant species (73.3%) and was isolated from multiple tissues, though the differences were not statistically significant (χ2=7.492, P=0.112). Conclusion Bartonella has a high natural infection rate in rodents and can invade various tissues with similar tissue tropism, and the infection is not constrained by host and Bartonella species.
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