Objective To investigate the population, density, and distribution of rodents in South China Seafood Wholesale Market during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic through emergency monitoring in the early stage of epidemic, and to provide a basis for scientific rodent control and evaluation of deratization effect. Methods The night trapping method and the rodent trace method were used to monitor rodent density in January 2020. Results The night trapping method was performed four times and captured 51 Rattus norvegicus rats in total, with a mean capture rate of 3.15%, and the capture rates of the four times were 5.00%, 3.95%, 2.49%, and 1.22%, respectively. The rodent trace method was performed four times and detected a total of 9 rodent traces, with a mean route index of 1.73 traces/km, and the route indices of the four times were 3.85, 2.31, 0.77, and 0 traces/km, respectively. After emergency treatment, the reduction rate of rodent density was 75.60% for the night trapping method and 100% for the rodent trace method. Conclusion Emergency monitoring shows that R. norvegicus is extremely harmful in the South China Seafood Wholesale Market, and emergency treatment significantly reduced the density of rodents and thus provides a strong guarantee for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.
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