Objective To grasp the species, density, sticky trapping rate, distribution characteristics, and seasonal fluctuation of cockroaches in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of cockroach control measures and patriotic health work. Methods Six districts (counties) were selected in the east, south, west, and north of Xi'an according to the geographical orientation. Each district (county) selected six surveillance points, i.e., hotels, restaurants, supermarkets, residential areas, agricultural markets, and hospitals. The surveillance was carried out using sticky traps in the nighttime in the middle of odd months. The species of the cockroaches collected were identified; the cockroach density and sticky trapping rate were calculated. The Pearson correlation test was used to test the correlation between the mean cockroach density and mean trapping rate in each month; the chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in sex between adult cockroaches in urban and suburban areas; the t-test was used to statistically analyze the mean cockroach density and mean sticky trapping rate in each month in urban and suburban areas. Results A total of 2 742 cockroaches were captured from 2015 to 2018, of which two were Periplaneta americana and the rest were Blattella germanica. The mean cockroach density was 0.18 cockroaches/sheet, and the mean sticky trapping rate was 4.72%. In 2015, the cockroach density and sticky trapping rate were the highest, which were 0.36 cockroaches/sheet and 7.03%, respectively, and then they basically showed a downward trend year by year. The habitat that was damaged most seriously was restaurant, where the cockroach density was 0.40 cockroaches/sheet and the sticky trapping rate was 8.85%, but supermarkets should be paid attention to. The seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density and sticky trapping rate showed a unimodal trend, with the highest values in July, which were 0.26 cockroaches/sheet and 6.93%, respectively. Seasonal trends in different habitats showed that the cockroach density and sticky trapping rate in supermarkets fluctuated violently, with the highest values in July, which were 1.02 cockroaches/sheet and 13.56%, respectively; the restaurants and agricultural markets remained at a relatively high level from May to September. The mean cockroach density showed a certain correlation with the sticky trapping rate in each month; there was no significant difference in the damage status between urban and suburban areas, but the proportion of female adult cockroaches in the suburban area was much higher than that in the urban area. Conclusion The cockroach density and sticky trapping rate remained at a low level from 2015 to 2018; the surveillance results of different habitats were basically consistent with those in the whole country and other regions, but the seasonal fluctuation trend had some differences; attention should be paid to restaurants and supermarkets. There was no significant difference in the damage status between urban and suburban areas.
[1] 钟少琴,张志忍,赖晓娟,等. 2974例慢性荨麻疹皮肤点刺试验结果分析[J]. 广州医药,2019,50(2):104-106. Zhong SQ,Zhang ZR,Lai XJ,et al. Analysis of skin prick test results of 2974 cases of chronic urticaria[J]. Guangzhou Med J,2019,50(2):104-106. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8535.2019.02.028.
[2] 王小勇. 鹤壁市471例过敏性疾病患儿过敏原检测分析[J]. 青岛医药卫生,2019,51(2):154-156. DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1006-5571.2019.02.022. Wang XY. Detection and analysis of allergens in 471 children with allergic diseases in Hebi city[J]. Qingdao Med J,2019,51(2):154-156. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5571.2019.02.022.
[3] 陆宝麟,吴厚永. 中国重要医学昆虫分类与鉴别[M]. 郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2003:621-622. Lu BL,Wu HY. Classification and identification of important medical insects of China[M]. Zhengzhou:Henan Science and Technology Publishing House,2003:621-622.
[4] 杜全丽,王欣,庞松涛,等. 西安市德国小蠊携带病毒调查[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2018,24(1):59-61. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.01.018. Du QL,Wang X,Pang ST,et al. Virus detection from Blattella germanica collected in Xi'an city[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2018,24(1):59-61. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.01.018.
[5] 中国疾病预防控制中心. 全国病媒生物监测实施方案[Z]. 北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2016. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Nationl vector surveillance implementation plan[Z]. Beijing:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016.
[6] 叶青,夏时畅. 病媒生物综合防制技术指南[M]. 杭州:浙江大学出版社,2012:125-126. Ye Q,Xia SC. Technical guidelines for integrated vector control[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2012:125-126.
[7] 任东升,吴海霞,郭玉红,等. 2018年全国蜚蠊监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(2):142-145. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.02.006. Ren DS,Wu HX,Guo YH,et al. National vectors surveillance report on cockroaches in China,2018[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(2):142-145. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.02.006.
[8] 雷晓岗,庞松涛,王欣,等. 西安市2012-2015年蜚蠊危害状况及抗药性分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(3):294-295,303. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.03.026. Lei XG,Pang ST,Wang X,et al. Analysis of infestation and insecticide resistance of cockroaches in Xi'an city,2012-2015[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2017,28(3):294-295,303. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.03.026.
[9] 程时秀,龚丽丽,吕均,等. 湖北省十堰市创建国家卫生城市前后病媒生物密度监测与分析[J]. 医学动物防制,2019,35(10):1009-1011. Cheng SX,Gong LL,Lyu J,et al. Surveillance and analysis of vector density before and after the establishment of national health city in Shiyan city,Hubei province[J]. J Med Pest Control,2019,35(10):1009-1011.
[10] 吴照,杨丽,刘旭红,等. 兰州市2006-2015年蜚蠊监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(1):91-93. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.01.024. Wu Z,Yang L,Liu XH,et al. Analysis on the cockroach surveillance in 2006-2015,Lanzhou city[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(1):91-93. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.01.024.
[11] 郭慧,王高明,鲁怡欣,等. 武汉市2007-2016年蜚蠊监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(2):168-171. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.013. Guo H,Wang GM,Lu YX,et al. Analysis of cockroach surveillance in Wuhan city from 2007 to 2016[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(2):168-171. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.013.
[12] 张守刚,熊丽林,孙燕群,等. 南京市蟑螂密度监测及抗药性分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2018,24(1):20-23. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.01.007. Zhang SG,Xiong LL,Sun YQ,et al. Study on the density and insecticide resistance of cockroaches in Nanjing city[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2018,24(1):20-23. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.01.007.
[13] 郭礼梁,陈隼. 江苏省丹阳市2008-2015年蜚蠊密度监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(5):502-504. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.021. Guo LL,Chen S. Analysis of cockroach surveillance in Danyang,Jiangsu during 2008 to 2015[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(5):502-504. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.021.
[14] 明明. 泰安市蟑螂密度季节消长及其抗药性分析[J]. 现代预防医学,2016,43(19):3476-3478. Ming M. Seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density and its resistance,Tai'an city[J]. Mod Prev Med,2016,43(19):3476-3478.
[15] 刘辉,房建村,王海红. 东营市2016年蟑螂密度及侵害现状调查[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2017,23(4):365-367. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.04.021. Liu H,Fang JC,Wang HH. Investigation on the density and invasion situation of cockroaches in Dongying city in 2016[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2017,23(4):365-367. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.04.021.
[16] 刘峰,刘亚楠,景晓,等. 2010-2015年山东省居民区蟑螂监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2019,25(2):135-137. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.013. Liu F,Liu YN,Jing X,et al. Analysis on surveillance of cockroaches in residential areas in Shandong province from 2010 to 2015[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2019,25(2):135-137. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.013.
[17] 付学锋,周小洁. 2017年北京市居民家庭蟑螂侵害监测[J]. 首都公共卫生,2019,13(1):46-48. DOI:10.16760/j.cnki.sdggws. 2019.01.012. Fu XF,Zhou XJ. Analysis of cockroach infestation rate surveillance in residential family in Beijing in 2017[J]. Cap J Public Health,2019,13(1):46-48. DOI:10.16760/j.cnki.sdggws. 2019.01.012.
[18] 张家勇,王纯玉,丁俊,等. 辽宁省2012-2016年蜚蠊监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(5):550-553. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.05.016. Zhang JY,Wang CY,Ding J,et al. Analysis of surveillance on cockroach in Liaoning province from 2012 to 2016[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(5):550-553. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.05.016.
