Objective To establish an internet-based mobile information platform for real-time vector surveillance, prevention, and control, and to save manpower and material resources, standardize data report format, and improve data quality and utilization rate. Methods Using browser/server architecture, Java EE as an integrated development environment, and Eclipse 4.5.0 software as a program development tool, the information of meteorological conditions, geographical locations, and epidemics of vector-borne diseases, as well as the information on system efficacy in collecting 8 vector-borne disease indices, were collected. Results The mobile information platform for real-time vector surveillance, prevention, and control can be accessed through both mobile internet browser login and mobile application (APP). The mobile terminal is used for task creation and field surveillance, and the web terminal is used for revising, browsing, and generating surveillance reports. It mainly achieves four major functions, i.e., vector surveillance, special Aedes albopictus surveillance at epidemic spots, routine Ae. albopictus surveillance, and surveillance report generation. Users can choose from six roles, including municipal, district, and township investigators and administrators. Paired t-test results showed that the time spent by the platform on index recording was significantly less for all the four indices compared with the traditional method (t=3.624, 3.528, 2.863, and 3.165, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusion The mobile information platform for real-time vector surveillance, prevention, and control can ensure the timeliness and accuracy of surveillance data transmission, simplify field investigation process, and guarantee the quality of field investigation.