Objective To provide a scientific basis for the control of local imported malaria by laboratory diagnosis and epidemiological analysis of a case of transfusion-introduced falciparum malaria. Methods The medical records of the patient and epidemiological information of both the patient and the blood donor were collected and analyzed. The blood sample of the patient was analyzed by microscopy, malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). Results The patient had no history of tour in malaria epidemic area and history of malaria infection, but had a history of blood transfusion. Peripheral blood smear of the patient showed the presence of Plasmodium falciparum and both the results of RDT and nested PCR were positive for P. falciparum only. Follow-up study showed that the blood donor of the patient had a history of visiting the malaria-endemic area and being diagnosed with malaria. The blood sample RDT of the donor was positive for P. falciparum only, but the microscopic examination was P. falciparum negative. Conclusion The patient was a case of transfusion-introduced falciparum malaria. It is suggested that malaria screening before blood donation should be conducted to prevent the occurrence of transfusion-introduced falciparum malaria cases.