Objective To analyze the correlation between density indices of Aedes larvae in key provinces of China, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of Aedes-borne diseases. Methods The Breteau index (BI), container index (CI), house index (HI), and mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) of Aedes larvae in Guangdong, Yunnan, and Zhejiang provinces of China from 2005 to 2017 were collected, and a database was established. A correlation analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software. Results In Guangdong province, there was a positive correlation between BI in 2016 and 2017 and MOI in the same period (r=0.853 and 0.771, respectively, P<0.05). In Zhongshan, BI in 2016 and 2017 was positively correlated with MOI in the same period (r=0.741 and 0.918, respectively, P<0.05), and there was a positive correlation between BI and CI, BI and HI, CI and HI, and HI and MOI in 2016 (r=0.841, 0.990, 0.797, and 0.736, respectively, P<0.05). In Shantou, the four density indices in 2016 were all positively correlated with each other (r=0.964, 0.982, 0.988, 0.772, 0.776, and 0.805, respectively, P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between BI and CI, BI and HI, and CI and HI in 2016 in Zhanjiang (r=0.986, 0.998, and 0.980, respectively, P<0.05). In Yunnan province, there was a positive correlation between BI and CI, BI and HI, and CI and HI in 2014 and 2016 (r=0.988, 0.978, and 0.973, respectively, P<0.05). There were a positive correlation between BI and CI, BI and HI, and CI and HI in 2016 and 2017 in Menghai county (r=0.973, 0.982, 0.994, 0.954, 0.995, and 0.971, respectively, P<0.05). In Hekou county, BI was positively correlated with HI in 2016 (r=1.000, P<0.05), and there was a positive correlation between BI and CI, BI and HI, and CI and HI in 2017 (r=0.962, 0.945, and 0.961, respectively, P<0.05). In Longchuan county, there was a positive correlation between BI and HI in 2016 and 2017 (r=1.000 and 0.974, respectively, P<0.05). During 2005-2010 in Yiwu, Zhejiang province, the four density indices of Aedes larvae were positively correlated with each other (P<0.05), except between BI and CI in 2007 and between BI and CI, BI and HI, and CI and HI in 2008 (P>0.05). In Fenghua, there was a positive correlation between BI and CI, BI and HI, and CI and HI in 2011 (r=1.000, 0.994, and 0.993, respectively, P<0.05). In Cixi, there was a positive correlation between BI and CI, BI and HI, and CI and HI in 2011 (r=0.980, 0.993, and 0.962, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion The correlation between the density indices of Aedes larvae in different years in key provinces of China has spatial and temporal specificity, and the results can provide basic data for risk assessment and sustainable control of Aedes vectors and related diseases in different provinces of China.