Objective To determine the density and life stages of Aedes, the important dengue vectors, during winter in Jinghong, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of winter-spring dengue fever in Jinghong. Methods From November 2017 to April 2018, five investigation regions were selected in the eastern, southern, western, northern, and central parts of the downtown of Jinghong, respectively. Using backpack aspirators, the density of adult Aedes mosquitoes was investigated in underground garages, park lawn, hotels, greenhouses, and residential houses in each region. The Breteau index (BI) was used to investigate the breeding and composition of Aedes larvae in water containers in each region. Sediment samples, maybe included eggs of Aedes mosquito, were collected from various Aedes breeding containers in each region. Eggs of Aedes mosquito in the samples were fed in laboratory to adult mosquitoes for identification and counting. The SPSS 19.0 software was used to process the data. The BI value and positive rate of containers for mosquito breeding were compared between different months by χ² test, partition of χ² analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results A total of 57 adult Aedes mosquitoes were captured, consisting of 11 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and 46 Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. In those mosquitoes, 46 were captured in residential houses, 9 in park lawn, and 2 in greenhouses. The density of adult Aedes in each month was 9.17, 4.00, 0.00, 0.22, 0.67, and 2.67 mosquitoes/person·hour, respectively, from November to April of the next year, suggesting that the density of adult mosquitoes gradually decreased from November to January of the next year and gradually went up from February to April. In this study, 34 out of 1 500 households and 38 out of 849 water containers were positive for Aedes. The overall BI, container index, and house index were 2.53, 4.48%, and 2.27, respectively. From November to April of the next year, the density of Aedes larvae in each month was 2.80, 0.80, 2.80, 2.40, 2.00, and 4.40 mosquitoes/person·hour, respectively. The main breeding container was bucket, followed by vase. The positive rates of permanent containers, vases, used tires, buckets, waste bottles, and other water containers for Ae. aegypti breeding were 2.42%, 3.56%, 36.36%, 5.63%, 1.82%, and 4.85%, respectively. According to χ² test and partition of χ² analysis, there was a significant difference in the positive rate for Aedes breeding between different types of containers (χ²=29.570, P=0.000). Among those containers, used tires had the highest positive rate. A total of 671 dry sediment samples were collected from various types of water containers. In those samples, 8 were positive for Aedes eggs, yielding a positive rate of 1.19%. A total of 126 Aedes mosquitoes were born from the 8 samples, consisting of 107 (84.92%) Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and 19 (15.08%) Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. The positive rates of vases, used tires, buckets, wastes, and other containers for Aedes eggs were 0.80%, 3.03%, 2.70%, 2.44%, and 1.67%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the positive rate for eggs between various types of containers (H=8.646, P=0.076). Conclusion The two important dengue vectors, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, were active during winter in Jinghong. Both of them existed in forms of adult, larvae, and egg. The density of adult mosquitoes and larvae started to go up in early April. In order to reduce the density of Aedes mosquitoes in Jinghong, multiple departments and all the residents are recommended to attend the government-led sanitation activities every April that focus on removing larval breeding sites and are accompanied by anti-mosquito spray. In the meanwhile, methods and tools need to be developed to remove and kill Aedes eggs in container sediments.