Objective To study the association of the spatial distribution of Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi with climate and environmental factors, to effectively predict the suitable distribution area for N. laeviceps kuzenkovi, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of animal plague. Methods From 2005 to 2014, the information on N. laeviceps kuzenkovi was collected from the survey of rat flea and nest flea in routine plague surveillance. The information source was the plague prevention and management information system, which was a subsystem of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System. Logistic regression was used to explore the climate and environmental factors for N. laeviceps kuzenkovi. The genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction (GARP) ecological niche model was used to predict the suitable distribution area for N. laeviceps kuzenkovi. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to validate the model. Results After screening, 21 climate and environmental factors were enrolled in the model. The area under ROC curve was 0.978, suggesting a strong prediction capability of the GARP model. The suitable distribution area for N. laeviceps kuzenkovi was located in the central part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northwest of Zhangjiakou in Hebei province, west of Yulin in Shaanxi province, north of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northern of Shanxi province, and northeast of Gansu province. Conclusion The GARP ecological niche model is accurate and reliable in the prediction of the suitable distribution area for N. laeviceps kuzenkovi.