Objective Animal plague survey data in Yinchuan city form 1970 to 2014 were analyzed to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of plague in this area. Methods The main host density of Yersinia pestis was investigated by pit clamp method. The nocturnal rodents were investigated by 5-meter or 5 meter clamp line method. The investigation of body fleas in rodents was carried out by combing their body surface. Pathogenic detection of plague was conducted by culturing rodent organs and taking liver and spleen tissue imprint. Forms were designed data of plague survey were collected, and a database was established in Yinchuan for 1970-2014. Results In Yinchuan city, area of 4 043 hm² was sampled, 6 369 rodents were captured during 1970-2014. The annual average density of Meriones unguiculatus was 1.58/hm² (0.10-3.34); We put 164 394 nocturnal mouse traps, and 13 572 rodents were captured, the average capture rate was 8.26% (2.17%-12.13%), and the number of nocturnal rodents changed greatly from year to year. A total of 25 038 rodents were examined and 7 000 of which carried flea on their body surface. The average flea rate was 27.96%, and the average flea index was 0.98 (0.09-2.84). In the past 44 years, 44 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated, of which 37 were detected by animals, and 7 strains were isolated from the fleas. In total, 5 453 serum samples were detected by indirect hemagglutination method (IHA), and 15 of which were positive. Conclusion In Yinchuan, M. unguiculatus plague foci only distributed in Tonggui town and Yueyahu township. Especially M. unguiculatus and M. meridianus were predominant species in the Yueyahu town ship, Xenopsylla conformis conformis is still the predominant flea, plague natural foci will be of long existence.