Objective To study the changes of Spermophilus dauricus number and distribution in Hebei province plague natural foci. Methods Investigate the plague surveillance data from 2007 to 2016 of plague natural foci in Hebei province, and statistically analyze the density, quantity change and distribution of S. dauricus in different habitats, analyze the results via rank sum test. Results A total of 1 086 hectares of plague natural foci in Hebei province were investigated over a decade, with 7 082 cloth clips, 794 rodents, with an average density of 0.73 per hm². Spermophilus dauricus had the highest density in the three habitats of woodland, hillside and grassland, which were 0.86/hm², 0.85/hm², and 0.83/hm², respectively. Conclusion The density of S. dauricus does not change much from year to year, and the population is relatively stable. Woodland, hillside, grassland are the most suitable habitats for S. dauricus.