Objective To investigate the rule out process and nursing experience in a patient with suspected plague. Methods In July 2016, blood samples, pharynx secretion and sputum samples of suspected plague patients from the People's Hospital of Xingtai county were taken and the "three step test" of plague was conducted. The isolated serum was used in the indirect hemagglutination test of plague. Special nursing and treatment measures were taken to the patients. Results The blood samples were positive by microscopic examination. The laboratory examination, culture, ELISA, PCR and plague bacteriophage test of blood, pharynx secretion and sputum were all negative. The serum RIHA test, IHA experiment and colloidal gold immunochromatography test were all negative. Conclusion The plague cases were ruled out. The nursing measures such as humanistic care and psychological counseling were applied in the ruling out process of plague cases. Good results were achieved.