Objective To provide scientific data for vector control after investigating its community structure and seasonal fluctuations of vectors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2016. Methods Mouse trap, light trap, cage trap and glue trap were used to catch rodents, mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches, respectively, in Guilin and Beihai cities in 2016. The Chi square test from SPSS 16.0 software was utilized to compare and analyze the total and sample composition ratios. Results The 82 rodents collected were identified as 3 species from 3 genera and 1 family. The capture rate was 1.22%. Rattus norvegicus was predominant species and counted for 59.76%. The 20 663 mosquitoes captured were identified as 4 species from 3 genera and 1 family. Adult mosquito density was 9.92 per lamp hour and the Culex tritaeniorhynchus species was predominant species and amounted to 67.74%. The 3 876 flies trapped belonged to 7 species, 5 genera, 3 families. The fly density was 19.38(individual/cage). Lucilia sericata was predominant species and occupied 44.48%. The 4 005 cockroaches trapped were identified as 3 species in 2 genera and 1 family. Cockroach density was 2.31(individual/sheet) and Blattela germanica was predominant species and occupied 93.23%. Rodents and cockroaches were active all year round, but they were higher in summer and autumn. There was an obvious seasonal pattern of mosquitoes and fly activity, and the peak period was from June to September. Conclusion We have basically mastered the community structure and seasonal fluctuations of the rats, mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches in Guangxi. It should be strengthened on surveillance and control of vectors and vector borne diseases in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.