Objective To analyze the characteristics of community structure and species distributions of mosquitoes in Suzhou city based on the vector surveillance data from 2011 to 2015, and provide evidence for mosquito control. Methods The light traps were used to investigate the mosquitoes at communities, gardens, hospitals in the urban district, and farmhouses, pigsties in the rural area from April to November. The data were analyzed with SPSS 14.0 and Excel 2003 softwares. Results The community of mosquitoes is composed by 5 genera 11 species in Suzhou city. Culex pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the predominant species respectively in the urban district and countryside. The index of biological diversity and the evenness index was the highest in the farmhouses habitats, respectively reaching 1.16 and 0.56. The dominance index was 0.76 in hospital, and it was the highest in all of 5 habitats. The index of mosquito community similarity between garden and hospital was the highest, reaching 0.999 9. It was 0.990 5, 0.990 4, 0.901 8 respectively between communities and hospital, between communities and gardens, between farmhouses and pigsties. The lowest was between communities and pigsties, only 0.246 3. Conclusion Culex pipiens pallens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus are the major species to be controlled in Suzhou city. Farmhouses and pigsties in countryside are the important habitats for prevention and control of mosquitoes.