Objective To understand the insecticide resistance status of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus in Guiyang, China, to provide scientific basis in rational use of chemical insecticides for management of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Larval mosquitoes of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus were collected in 5 districts and 3 counties of Guiyang, and were reared in the insectary. The larvae dipping method was used to detect the insecticide resistance to the four insecticides. Results The resistance ratios of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae to dichlorvos, parathion, beta-cypermethrin, and deltamethrin were 5.07-10.79, 8.16-10.20, 13.92-27.22, and 100.00-226.32 fold. The resistance ratios of Ae. albopictus larvae to the four insecticides were 7.61-25.69, 4.76-28.57, 6.42-76.19, and 14.75-59.02 fold. Conclusion Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus larvae in Guiyang have developed certain resistance, in which the mosquito had a higher resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. We suggest reducing or avoiding pyrethroid insecticides for a single, extensive and long-term use, and to strengthen the insecticide resistance surveillance for better mosquito prevention and control.