Objective To investigate species composition and predominant species of termites in Changde region, propose some coping tactics and provide theoretical and practical guidance for termite control. Methods From 2012 to 2015, combining the sampling investigation and point investigation, collecting the termite specimen in the different habitats, including the houses and buildings, landscaping, mountain forest, farmland area and nature forest region in Changde of nine districts and counties. Data were analyzed using variance by SPSS 16.0(SPSS Inc. 1989-2007)software. Results A total of 2 528 termite specimen were collected in Changde region(including 225 streets and towns, 1 699 villages), belonging to 30 species, 7 genera and 2 families. Odontotermes formosanus(42.40%)distributed most widely, followed by Reticulitermes flaviceps(24.29%), Macrotermes barneyi(9.93%), R. chinensis(8.82%), and R. leptomandibularis(3.52%). Odontotermes formosanus was the predominant species in landscaping(65.71%), mountain forest(41.65%)areas and farmland area (39.21%). R. flaviceps(33.55%)was the predominant species in houses and buildings. Except Wuling and Dingcheng districts, damage of termites in villages and towns in other districts and counties were 100%. The highest village damage of termites was Taoyuan county(94.93%). Conclusion The investigation provided scientific basis for further studies on species composition, the ecological environment damage and the development on control of termites.