Objective To understand species, population density and seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in human habitats and surroundings in China and provide the avenue for risk assessment, prevention and control of mosquitoes and related infectious diseases. Methods The surveillance data of mosquitoes by light traps from 41 national surveillance sites were collected between 2006 and 2015. The species composition, density and seasonal and annual fluctuations of different species of mosquitoes in different habitats, provinces were compared. Results Percentage of Culex pallens/quiquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus together was 84.37%. No Anopheles dirus was captured; Density of Cx. pallens/quiquefasciatus was 0.66 mosquitoes per light trap per hour, and was highest. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the second and density was 0.32. As a whole, the density of mosquitoes was decreasing from 2006 to 2013, but increasing afterward with fluctuations. The density of mosquitoes from livestock sheds was highest, followed by that associated with the farmyards. For each species, the density was highest in livestock sheds. Density of Aedes albopictus was little different among all five monitored habitats. Density in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was 4.12 and was highest, the second was Jiangsu and density was 3.59. There was a single peak in July during the seasonal fluctuations of total mosquitoes. The highdensity of Ae. albopictus persisted until September. Conclusion Culex pallens/quiquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the predominant mosquito species in human habitats and surroundings in China. The density of mosquito increased again since 2013. The density was highest in rural habitats and surroundings (livestock sheds and farmyards), especially in livestock sheds where most of mosquitoes in each species were captured. So, more attentions should be paid on mosquito control in the rural,especially on the habitats of livestock sheds. The density of mosquito peaked in July, while the density peak of different species may move to June or may delayed to September in different habitats. The control should be started promptly and be ended at the right time based on surveillance results.