Objective To investigate the community structure and seasonality of main vectors in Tangshan city in 2015, and to provide the scientific basis for vectors control and prevention of vector-borne diseases during the 2016 International Horticultural Exposition. Methods Light trap, cage trap,mouse trap and glue trap were used to catch mosquitoes, flies, rodents and cockroaches respectively in different urban and rural areas in Tangshan from January to December in 2015. Results The mosquitoes were mainly Culex pipiens pallens and Anopheles sinensis, the average density of mosquitoes was 2.65 per lamp hour, with the predominant species being Cx. pipiens pallens, which accounted for 99.42%. The flies were mainly Musca domestica, Lucilia sericata, Boettcherisca peregrina and Muscina stabulans. The average fly population density was 3.63 per cage, with the predominant species being B. peregrina, which accounted for 46.18%. The rodents were mainly Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, the average density of rodents was 0.32%, with the predominant species being R. norvegicus, which accounted for 52.17%. The cockroaches with the predominant species was Blattella germanica, the average density of cockroaches was 0.08 per sticky trap, and the infestation rates was 5.33%. Most mosquitoes and flies prevailed in May; the former became most active in July and the latter in June and September. Rats and cockroaches were observed throughout the year with relatively high density in May for rats and in July for cockroaches. Conclusion The community structure and seasonality of main vectors were preliminarily understood through monitoring to ensure the success of the 2016 World Horticultural Exposition and provide the basic information for vector-borne disease control and prevention.